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Soy food and isoflavones are not associated with changes in serum lipids and glycohemoglobin concentrations among Japanese adults: a cohort study

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Abstract

Purpose

It is unclear whether habitual intake of soy or isoflavones induces long-term changes in the concentrations of blood lipids and glycaemia. We examined the associations of soy food and isoflavone consumption with changes in blood lipids and HbA1c concentrations over 5 years among Japanese adults.

Methods

This cohort study included 7252 subjects with no known history of major chronic disease at baseline. Soy intake was measured using a food frequency questionnaire; while the concentrations of serum lipids and HbA1c were measured using standard laboratory methods. We used multivariable linear mixed-effects models to examine the associations of changes in lipids and HbA1c concentrations with intakes of soy food and isoflavones.

Results

Among the participants, mean age was 61 years, 67% were females and median intakes of soy and isoflavones were 95.3 g/day and 47.4 mg/day, respectively. Soy food and isoflavone intakes were not associated with 5-year changes in blood lipids or HbA1c concentrations. However, stratified analyses showed inverse associations between fermented soy intake and serum lipids among obese/overweight subjects. In particular, intake of 20 g/day of natto was associated with a reduction of 1.4 (95% CI 0.3, 2.5) mg/dL in TC, 1.5 (95% CI 0.4, 2.6) mg/dL in non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, 1.0 (95% CI − 0.0, 2.0) mg/dL in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and 4.0 (95% CI 0.6, 7.5) mg/dL in triglycerides.

Conclusions

Overall, habitual consumption of soy or isoflavones was not associated with changes in serum lipids or HbA1c concentrations. The negative associations between intake of natto and changes in serum lipids among overweight/obese subjects deserve further investigation.

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by the National Cancer Center Research and Development Fund (23-A-31[toku], 26-A-2 and 29-A-4, since 2011) and a Grant-in-Aid for Cancer Research from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan (19shi-2, from 1989 to 2010). Members of Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study (JPHC Study) are listed at the following site (as of April 2017): http://epi.ncc.go.jp/en/jphc/781/7951.html.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan

    Calistus Wilunda, Norie Sawada, Atsushi Goto, Taiki Yamaji, Motoki Iwasaki & Shoichiro Tsugane

  2. Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Saitama Medical University, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama, Saitama, 350-0495, Japan

    Mitsuhiko Noda

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  1. Calistus Wilunda
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  2. Norie Sawada
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Contributions

CW, NS, MN and ST designed the study; AG, MN and ST conducted the research; CW performed statistical analysis and wrote the manuscript; NS provided study oversight; and all authors interpreted the data, provided critical input, and read and approved the final manuscript. NS had primary responsibility for the final content.

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Correspondence to Norie Sawada.

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This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the National Cancer Center of Japan approved the JPHC prospective and the JPHC diabetes studies and was performed in accordance with the ethical standards laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendment. All participants gave their informed consent prior to their inclusion in the study.

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Wilunda, C., Sawada, N., Goto, A. et al. Soy food and isoflavones are not associated with changes in serum lipids and glycohemoglobin concentrations among Japanese adults: a cohort study. Eur J Nutr 59, 2075–2087 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-019-02057-7

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