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Occurrence, sources, and risk assessment of OCPs in surface sediments from urban, rural, and reclamation-affected rivers of the Pearl River Delta, China

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Abstract

Sediments were collected to a depth of 20 cm from urban, rural, and reclamation-affected rivers in the Pearl River Delta of China. In total, 16 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were analyzed in all sediment samples, and the occurrence, possible sources, toxicity, and health risks of OCPs were evaluated to compare the contamination characteristics of OCPs in sediments among the three types of rivers. The results showed that concentrations of Σ16OCPs in sediments from the three rivers followed the order urban river > reclamation-affected river > rural river, with a mean value of 247.21, 232.91, and 114.92 μg/kg, respectively, and the predominant OCPs were hexachlorobenzene (HCB), dieldrin, aldrin, endrin, and hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs). Source diagnostics illustrated that there might be recent input of HCHs, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs), and endosulfan in some sampling sites. Based on the soil quality thresholds of China, both HCHs and DDTs fell within the range of class II criteria except for some sediment samples in urban rivers with lower levels (below class I criteria). According to sediment quality guidelines, 92.86 % of samples were predicted to be toxic. The health risk assessment showed that OCPs would not pose a threat to people via dermal contact, ingestion, and inhalation, and the followed order of incremental lifetime cancer risks for OCPs in sediment samples was reclamation-affected river > urban river > rural river.

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Abbreviations

OCPs:

Organochlorine pesticides

MXC:

Methoxychlor

HCB:

Hexachlorobenzene

ΣENDs:

Sum of α- and β-endosulfan

ΣDRINs:

Sum of dieldrin, aldrin and endrin

HCHs:

Hexachlorocyclohexanes

DDTs:

Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes

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Acknowledgments

This study was financially supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (no. 2013CB430406), the National Science Foundation for Innovative Research (no. 51421065), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (no. 51379012). The authors acknowledge all colleagues for their contributions to the fieldwork.

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  1. State Key laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, People’s Republic of China

    Wei Wang, Junhong Bai, Qingqing Zhao, Guangliang Zhang & Xiaojun Wen

  2. College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, People’s Republic of China

    Min Xi

  3. School of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, People’s Republic of China

    Rong Xiao

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  1. Wei Wang
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  2. Junhong Bai
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Correspondence to Junhong Bai.

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Wang, W., Bai, J., Xi, M. et al. Occurrence, sources, and risk assessment of OCPs in surface sediments from urban, rural, and reclamation-affected rivers of the Pearl River Delta, China. Environ Sci Pollut Res 24, 2535–2548 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-8016-z

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