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Effects of pH, Fe, and Cd on the uptake of Fe2+ and Cd2+ by rice

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Abstract

The rhizosphere plays an important role in altering cadmium (Cd) solubility in paddy soils and Cd accumulation in rice. However, more studies are needed to elucidate the mechanism controlling rice Cd solubility and bioavailability under different rhizosphere conditions to explain the discrepancy of previous studies. A rice culture with nutrient solution and vermiculite was conducted to assess the effects of pH, Eh, and iron (Fe) concentration on Cd, Fe fractions on the vermiculite/root surface and their uptake by rice. The solution pH was set from 4.5 to 7.5, with additions of Fe (30 and 50 mg L−1) and Cd (0.5 and 0.9 mg L−1). At pH 5.5, the Eh in the rice rhizosphere was higher whereas transpiration, Cd2+, and Fe2+ adsorption on the vermiculite/root surface and accumulation in rice were lower than the other pH treatments. Cadmium addition had no impact on pH and Eh in rice rhizosphere while Fe addition decreased pH and increased Eh significantly. Compared with control, Fe addition resulted in the decrease of rhizosphere Cd, Fe solubility and bioavailability. Higher redox potential in the rice rhizosphere resulted in the decline of transpiration, Cd, and Fe accumulation in the rice tissues, suggesting that the transfer of two elements from soil to rice was depressed when the rhizosphere was more oxidized.

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Acknowledgments

This work was funded by the National Science Foundation of China (30700479), Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (20090097110035 and 20110097110004), Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Nanjing Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science (Y052010019) and Undergraduate Student Research Training Program (091030726 and 1007A14).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China

    Danqing Liu, Xue Chen, Yazhou Yang, Shu Wang, Yujiao Li, Hao Hu & Ying Ge

  2. State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Nanjing Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China

    Danqing Liu & Ying Ge

  3. Demonstration Laboratory of Elements and Life Science Research, Laboratory Centre of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China

    Chunhua Zhang

  4. Jiaxing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiaxing, 314016, People’s Republic of China

    Wangda Cheng

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  1. Danqing Liu
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  2. Chunhua Zhang
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  3. Xue Chen
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  4. Yazhou Yang
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  5. Shu Wang
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  7. Hao Hu
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  8. Ying Ge
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  9. Wangda Cheng
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Correspondence to Ying Ge.

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Responsible editor: Elena Maestri

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Liu, D., Zhang, C., Chen, X. et al. Effects of pH, Fe, and Cd on the uptake of Fe2+ and Cd2+ by rice. Environ Sci Pollut Res 20, 8947–8954 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-013-1855-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-013-1855-y

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