N4-methylcytosine (4mC) is a critical epigenetic modification that plays a pivotal role in the regulation of a multitude of biological processes, including gene expression, DNA replication, and cellular differentiation. Traditional experimental methods for detecting DNA N4-methylcytosine sites are time-consuming, labor-intensive, and costly, making them unsuitable for large-scale or high-throughput research. Computational methods for identifying DNA N4-methylcytosine sites enable the rapid and cost-effective analysis of DNA 4mC sites across entire genomes. In this study, we focus on the identification of DNA 4mC sites in the mouse genome. Although there are already some computational methods that can predict DNA 4mC sites in the mouse genome, there is still significant room for improvement in accurately predicting them due to their inability to fully capture the multifaceted characteristics of DNA sequences. To address this issue, we propose a new deep learning predictor called Mus4mCPred, which utilizes multi-view feature learning and deep hybrid networks for accurately predicting DNA 4mC sites in the mouse genome. The predictor Mus4mCPred firstly employed different encoding methods to extract the feature vectors of DNA sequences, then input these features generated by different encoding methods into various hybrid deep learning models for the learning and extraction of more sophisticated representations of these features, and finally fused the extracted multi-view features to serve as the final features for DNA 4mC site prediction in the mouse genome. Multi-view features enabled the more comprehensive capture of data characteristics, enhancing the feature representation of DNA sequences. The independent test results showed that the sensitivity (Sn), specificity (Sp), accuracy (Acc), and Matthews’ correlation coefficient (MCC) were 0.7688, 0.9375, 0.8531, and 0.7165, respectively. The predictor Mus4mCPred outperformed other state-of-the-art methods, achieving the accurate identification of 4mC sites in the mouse genome. Full article

Currently, an important group of biomaterials used in the research in the field of tissue engineering is thermosensitive chitosan hydrogels. Their main advantage is the possibility of introducing their precursors (sols) into the implantation site using a minimally invasive method—by injection. In this publication, the results of studies on the new chitosan structures in the form of thermosensitive hydrogels containing graphene oxide as a nanofiller are presented. These systems were prepared from chitosan lactate and chitosan chloride solutions with the use of a salt of pyrimidine nucleotide—uridine 5′-monophosphate disodium salt—as the cross-linking agent. In order to perform the characterization of the developed hydrogels, the sol–gel transition temperature of the colloidal systems was first determined based on rheological measurements. The hydrogels were also analyzed using FTIR spectroscopy and SEM. Biological studies assessed the cytotoxicity (resazurin assay) and genotoxicity (alkaline version of the comet assay) of the nanocomposite chitosan hydrogels against normal human BJ fibroblasts. The conducted research allowed us to conclude that the developed hydrogels containing graphene oxide are an attractive material for potential use as scaffolds for the regeneration of damaged tissues. Full article

Vanilla (Vanilla planifolia Andrews) is a valuable orchid spice cultivated for its highly priced beans. Vanilla has been planted in Hainan province of China via cutting propagation for about 40 years. The yield has been decreasing annually for the past ten years due to pod numbers declining significantly even though it seems to grow normally without disease symptoms, while the reason is still unknown. In this study, we found that Cymbidium mosaic virus (CymMV), one of the most devastating viruses causing losses in the vanilla industry, massively presented within the pods and leaves of vanilla plants, so the virus infecting the vanilla seems to be a highly probable hypothesis of the main contributions to low yield via decreasing the number of pods. This represents the first speculation of CymMV possibly affecting the yield of vanilla in China, indicating the important role of virus elimination in restoring high yield in vanilla. This research can also serve as a warning to important economic crops that rely on cuttings for propagation, demonstrating that regular virus elimination is very important for these economically propagated crops through cuttings. Full article

This paper aims to discuss the implementation of data analysis and information management for elderly nursing care from a data-driven perspective. It addresses the current challenges of in-home caregivers, providing a basis for decision making in analyzing nursing service content and evaluating job performance. The characteristics of caregivers’ activities were analyzed during the design of a wearable device-wearing scheme and a sensor data collection system. XGBoost, SVM, and Random Forest models were used in the experiments, with the Cuckoo search algorithm employed to optimize the XGBoost model parameters. Based on the control group experiment, it was confirmed that the XGBoost model, after adjusting the parameters using the Cuckoo search algorithm, exhibited better recognition performance than the SVM and RandomForest models, and the accuracy reached 0.9438. Wearable devices present high recognition accuracy in caregiver activity recognition research, which greatly improves the inspection of caregivers’ work and further promotes the completion of services. This study actively explores the applications of information technology and artificial intelligence theory to address practical problems and effectively promote the digitalization and intelligent development of the elderly nursing care industry. Full article

In current research, there are excessive assumptions and simplifications in the mathematical models developed for thermoelectric generators. In this study, a comprehensive mathematical model was developed based on a plate-type thermoelectric generator divided into multiple thermoelectric units. The model takes into account temperature-dependent thermoelectric material parameters and fluid flow. The model was validated, and a maximum error of 6.4% was determined. Moreover, the model was compared and analyzed with a numerical model, with a maximum discrepancy of 7.2%. The model revealed the factors and their degree of influence on the performance of the thermoelectric generator unit. In addition, differences in temperature distribution, output power, and conversion efficiency between multiple thermoelectric units were clearly studied. This study can guide modeling and some optimization measures to improve the overall performance of thermoelectric generators. Full article

Pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic, progressive, irreversible lung disease characterized by fibrotic scarring in the lung parenchyma. This condition involves the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) due to the aberrant activation of myofibroblasts in the alveolar environment. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling is a crucial driver of fibrogenesis because it promotes excessive ECM deposition, thereby leading to scar formation and lung damage. A primary target of TGF-β signaling in fibrosis is Collagen Triple Helix Repeat Containing 1 (CTHRC1), a secreted glycoprotein that plays a pivotal role in ECM deposition and wound repair. TGF-β transcriptionally regulates CTHRC1 in response to tissue injury and controls the wound healing response through functional activity. CTHRC1 may also play an essential role in re-establishing and maintaining tissue homeostasis after wound closure by modulating both the TGF-β and canonical Wnt signaling pathways. This dual function suggests that CTHRC1 regulates tissue remodeling and homeostasis. However, deregulated CTHRC1 expression in pathogenic fibroblasts has recently emerged as a hallmark of fibrosis in multiple organs and tissues. This review highlights recent studies suggesting that CTHRC1 can serve as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for fibrosis in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, systemic sclerosis, and post-COVID-19 lung fibrosis. Notably, CTHRC1 expression is responsive to antifibrotic drugs that target the TGF-β pathway, such as pirfenidone and bexotegrast, indicating its potential as a biomarker of treatment success. These findings suggest that CTHRC1 may present new opportunities for diagnosing and treating patients with lung fibrosis. Full article

While numerous studies have explored the mineralogical characteristics and purification techniques of high-purity quartz (HPQ), discussions on impurity control during various purification processes and their applications in photovoltaics, electronics, and optics remain limited. This review delves into the adverse effects of impurities such as aluminum, iron, and sodium in the manufacturing processes of these industries, emphasizing their critical role as these impurities can degrade material performance. This paper focuses on analyzing the types of impurities found in quartz and evaluates existing purification technologies such as acid washing, ultrasonic acid washing, chlorination roasting, and calcination quenching. It highlights the limitations of current technologies in processing quartz ore and discusses the advantages of different impurity types under various technological treatments. Moreover, it explores the environmental and economic impacts of these high-purity processes, underlining the necessity for more environmentally friendly and cost-effective purification techniques. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive technical and strategic framework for the use of high-purity quartz in high-tech applications, supporting future research and industrial applications in this critical material field. Full article

Hydrogen production technology has triggered a research boom in order to alleviate the problems of environmental pollution and the pressure on non-renewable energy sources. The key factor of this technology is the use of an efficient photocatalyst. g-C₃N₄ is a typical semiconductor photocatalytic material that is non-toxic and environmentally friendly and does not cause any serious harm to human beings. Therefore, it can be applied to drug degradation and the photocatalytic production of H₂. Combined with ZnIn₂S₄, this semiconductor photocatalytic material, with a typical lamellar structure, has become one of the most promising catalysts for research due to its suitable bandgap structure and excellent photoelectric properties. In this study, 10% g-C₃N₄/ZnIn₂S₄ nano-heterojunction composite photocatalytic materials were successfully prepared by compounding ZnIn₂S₄ and g-C₃N₄ semiconductor materials with good visible-light-trapping ability. Under visible light irradiation, the photocatalytic activity of the composites was significantly better than that of pure g-C₃N₄ and ZnIn₂S₄. This is attributed to the formation of a heterojunction structure, which effectively inhibited the recombination of photogenerated carriers through the interfacial contact between the two semiconducting materials, and then improved the separation efficiency of the photogenerated electron–hole pairs, thus enhancing the catalytic activity. In this study, pure g-C₃N₄ and ZnIn₂S₄ were prepared using calcination and hydrothermal methods, and then, the composites were synthesized using ultrasonic and hydrothermal means. The differences in the structure, morphology, and hydrogen production performance of the materials before and after recombination were analyzed in detail using XRD, SEM, and FTIR characterization, which further verified that the 10% g-C₃N₄/ZnIn₂S₄ nano-heterojunction composites possessed excellent photocatalytic activity and stability, providing new possibilities for the optimization and application of photocatalytic hydrogen production technology. Full article

The harvesting of herbs from urban and peri-urban areas requires systematic monitoring of soils and plants, especially of trace element concentrations. The aim of the study was to assess the phytoaccumulation of selected trace elements (Zn, Cu, Fe, and Mn) in elderberry flowers from the Kuyavian-Pomeranian province (Poland). The enzymatic activity of soils was also assessed in the context of the impact of metals on the biological properties of soils at risk of contamination with trace elements. Soil and plant samples were taken from seven locations with different anthropopressures. Flowers from sites with a high frequency of road traffic were characterized by a greater number of elements (location 1, 3–7) than from areas away from busy roads (location 2). The correlation analysis showed that Cu and Zn contents were highly correlated in the flowers of elderberry as compared to the corresponding soils seven locations with different anthropopressures Regarding the Zn content, only flowers from habitats 1, 2, 7 met the conditions specified in the WHO standard for herbs used in herbal medicine (<50 mg·kg⁻¹). Based on the conducted research, it was found that the level of soil enzymatic activity in the tested soils varied within wide limits but clearly depended on their location. The highest enzyme activity in the soil was found in soil from town center 1 (location 3), where high DHA dehydrogenase DHA (114.5 mg TPF·g⁻¹·24 h⁻¹), fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis FDA (51.26 μg F·g⁻¹·h⁻¹), and β-glucosidases GLUC activity (4.833 μg pNP·g⁻¹·h⁻¹) were determined, as well as in soil from residential area 2 (location 3), where high DHA (165.9 mg TPF·g⁻¹·24 h⁻¹) and FDA (48.23 μg F·g⁻¹·h⁻¹) activity were determined. Analyzing the soil properties, it can be concluded that the content of Cu_t and Zn_t in the soil and their forms available for plants, as well as DHA activity, correlates most closely with the content of organic matter. Full article

Two patients with CSF shunting systems exhibited symptoms of altered intracranial pressure. Initial neuroimaging led to misinterpretation, but integrating clinical history and follow-up imaging revealed the true diagnosis. In the first case, reduced ventricular size was mistaken for CSF overdrainage, while the actual problem was increased intracranial pressure, as seen in slit ventricle syndrome. In the second case, symptoms attributed to intracranial hypertension were due to CSF overdrainage causing tonsillar displacement and hydrocephalus. Adjusting the spinoperitoneal shunt pressure resolved symptoms and imaging abnormalities. These cases highlight the necessity of correlating clinical presentation with a deep understanding of CSF dynamics in shunt assessments. Full article

Inequality among people has several unwanted effects, in humanistic, social and economic contexts. Several studies address distributional preferences among groups, but little is known about when inequality issues are focused and when and why inequality abatement measures are brought on the political agenda. We show that during the period 2004 to 2023, inequality issues were focused during elections to the EU and UK parliament and with greatest strength during the elections to the EU parliament in May 2004 and to the UK parliament in May 2015. Periods with high unemployment and inflation cause the discussion on inequality to be followed by discussions on inequality measures. However, when the discussion of inequality is followed very closely by the discussions of abatement measures, inequality aversion becomes more strongly associated with the macroeconomic variables inflation and GDP (recessions) than with unemployment and more strongly associated with the concerns for fairness than concerns with war and crime. The results were obtained examining Google Trends and scholarly studies. Full article

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a rare biliary tract tumor with high malignancy. CCA is the second most common primary hepatobiliary cancer after hepatocarcinoma. Despite its rarity, the incidence of CCA is steadily increasing globally. Most patients with CCA are asymptomatic in the early stages, resulting in a late-stage diagnosis and poor prognosis. Finding reliable biomarkers is essential to improve CCA’s early diagnosis and survival rate. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are non-protein coding RNAs produced by genomic transcription. This includes microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs. ncRNAs have multiple functions in regulating gene expression and are crucial for maintaining normal cell function and developing diseases. Many studies have shown that aberrantly expressed ncRNAs can regulate the occurrence and development of CCA. ncRNAs can be easily extracted and detected through tumor tissue and liquid biopsies, representing a potential tool for diagnosing and prognosis CCA. This review will provide a detailed update on the diagnostic and prognostic potentials of lncRNAs and cirRNAs as biomarkers in CCA. Full article

The mechanical description of the failure of quasi-brittle materials is a challenging task. Rocks, concrete, ceramics, and natural or artificial composites could be considered for this material classification. Several characteristic phenomena appear as emergent global behaviors based on the interaction of many simple elements, such as the effect of size and the interactions between micro-cracks. These are essential features of a complex system. These topics were investigated using acoustic emission techniques and a numerical approach that used a continuum media hypothesis called peridynamics. In this context, a pre-notched concrete specimen was manufactured. A mechanical test was performed to acquire acoustic emission signals. The problem was also simulated using the peridynamic model. The evolution of the damage process, which is presented in terms that go beyond only the global reaction vs. displacement and the evolution of the acoustical emission global parameter, is presented. Finally, the synergy between the experiments and simulations is discussed. Full article

In non-clinical populations, facial features (eyes, nose, mouth) may vary in their contribution to face identity perception. Changes to whole faces are easier to detect than changes to individual features, and eye changes are typically easier to detect than mouth changes, which in turn are easier to detect than nose changes. However, how this differs for people with face recognition difficulties (developmental prosopagnosia; DP) and for individuals with superior face recognition abilities (super-recognisers; SR) is not clear; although findings from previous studies have suggested differences, the nature of this difference is not understood. The aim of this study was to examine whether differences in the ability to detect feature changes in DPs and SRs were (a) quantitative, meaning that the pattern across feature changes remained the same but there was an overall upwards or downwards shift in performance, or (b) qualitative, meaning that the pattern across feature changes was different. Using a change detection task in which individual face features (eyes, nose, mouth) changed between sequentially presented faces, we found that while prosopagnosics showed a quantitative difference in performance with a downwards shift across all conditions, super-recognisers only showed qualitative differences: they were better able to detect when the face was the same and were marginally (but not non-significantly) worse at detecting when the eyes changed. Further, the only condition which distinguished between the three groups was the ability to identify when the same face was presented, with SRs being better than controls, and controls being better than DPs. Our findings suggest that, in feature-matching tasks, differences for DPs are due to them being overall worse at the task, while SRs use a qualitatively different strategy. Full article

The beta T-cell receptor (TRB) expressed by beta T cells is essential for foreign antigen recognition. The TRB locus contains a TRBV family that encodes three complementarity determining regions (CDRs). CDR1 is associated with antigen recognition and interactions with MHC molecules. In contrast to domestic pigs, African suids lack a 284-bp segment spanning exons 1 and 2 of the TRBV27 gene that contains a sequence encoding CDR1. In this study, we used the African swine fever virus (ASFV) as an example to investigate the effect of deleting the TRBV27-encoded CDR1 on the resistance of domestic pigs to exotic pathogens. We first successfully generated TRBV27-edited fibroblasts with disruption of the CDR1 sequence using CRISPR/Cas9 technology and used them as donor cells to generate gene-edited pigs via somatic cell nuclear transfer. The TRBV-edited and wild-type pigs were selected for synchronous ASFV infection. White blood cells were significantly reduced in the genetically modified pigs before ASFV infection. The genetically modified and wild-type pigs were susceptible to ASFV and exhibited typical fevers (>40 °C). However, the TRBV27-edited pigs had a higher viral load than the wild-type pigs. Consistent with this, the gene-edited pigs showed more clinical signs than the wild-type pigs. In addition, both groups of pigs died within 10 days and showed similar severe lesions in organs and tissues. Future studies using lower virulence ASFV isolates are needed to determine the relationship between the TRBV27 gene and ASFV infection in pigs over a relatively long period. Full article

High-temperature polymer-electrolyte membrane fuel cells (HT-PEMFCs) are a very important type of fuel cells since they operate at 150–200 °C, making it possible to use hydrogen contaminated with CO. However, the need to improve the stability and other properties of gas-diffusion electrodes still impedes their distribution. Self-supporting anodes based on carbon nanofibers (CNF) are prepared using the electrospinning method from a polyacrylonitrile solution containing zirconium salt, followed by pyrolysis. After the deposition of Pt nanoparticles on the CNF surface, the composite anodes are obtained. A new self-phosphorylating polybenzimidazole of the 6F family is applied to the Pt/CNF surface to improve the triple-phase boundary, gas transport, and proton conductivity of the anode. This polymer coating ensures a continuous interface between the anode and proton-conducting membrane. The polymer is investigated using CO₂ adsorption, TGA, DTA, FTIR, GPC, and gas permeability measurements. The anodes are studied using SEM, HAADF STEM, and CV. The operation of the membrane–electrode assembly in the H₂/air HT-PEMFC shows that the application of the new PBI of the 6F family with good gas permeability as a coating for the CNF anodes results in an enhancement of HT-PEMFC performance, reaching 500 mW/cm² at 1.3 A/cm² (at 180 °C), compared with the previously studied PBI-O-PhT-P polymer. Full article

Astatine-211 (²¹¹At) has emerged as a promising radionuclide for targeted alpha therapy of cancer by virtue of its favorable nuclear properties. However, the limited in vivo stability of ²¹¹At-labeled radiopharmaceuticals remains a major challenge. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current strategies for ²¹¹At radiolabeling, including nucleophilic and electrophilic substitution reactions, as well as the recent advances in the development of novel bifunctional coupling agents and labeling approaches to enhance the stability of ²¹¹At-labeled compounds. The preclinical and clinical applications of ²¹¹At-labeled radiopharmaceuticals, including small molecules, peptides, and antibodies, are also discussed. Looking forward, the identification of new molecular targets, the optimization of ²¹¹At production and quality control methods, and the continued evaluation of ²¹¹At-labeled radiopharmaceuticals in preclinical and clinical settings will be the key to realizing the full potential of ²¹¹At-based targeted alpha therapy. With the growing interest and investment in this field, ²¹¹At-labeled radiopharmaceuticals are poised to play an increasingly important role in future cancer treatment. Full article

The transcription factor Yin Yang 1 (YY1) plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), an aggressive form of brain tumor. This review systematically explores the diverse roles of YY1 overexpression and activities in GBM, including its impact on the tumor microenvironment (TME) and immune evasion mechanisms. Due to the poor response of GBM to current therapies, various findings of YY1-associated pathways in the literature provide valuable insights into novel potential targeted therapeutic strategies. Moreover, YY1 acts as a significant regulator of immune checkpoint molecules and, thus, is a candidate therapeutic target in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Different therapeutic implications targeting YY1 in GBM and its inherent associated challenges encompass the use of nanoparticles, YY1 inhibitors, targeted gene therapy, and exosome-based delivery systems. Despite the inherent complexities of such methods, the successful targeting of YY1 emerges as a promising avenue for reshaping GBM treatment strategies, presenting opportunities for innovative therapeutic approaches and enhanced patient outcomes. Full article

Farm leftovers, particularly crop residues, are a key source of renewable energy in Canada. The nation’s robust agricultural industry provides ample biomass, derived from forestry and agriculture resources, for energy generation. Crop residues, such as straws and husks, play a crucial role in this biomass reservoir, contributing to biofuel production and greenhouse gas mitigation efforts. Focusing on supply chains, waste management, and emission reduction, this study evaluates the sustainability of wheat straw, an agricultural biomass by-product. The environmental issues of various approaches to managing agricultural biomass were explored. Following an evaluation of biomass features, conversion methods, and economic and environmental advantages, the results show anaerobic digestion to be the most sustainable approach. Four metrics were examined in relation to social elements, and numerous aspects were considered as inputs in the evaluation of transportation costs. The use of electric trucks versus fuel-based trucks resulted in an 18% reduction in total operating costs and a 58% reduction in consumption costs. This study examined CO₂ emissions over four different transportation distances. The data indicate that a significant reduction of 36% in kg CO₂ equivalent emissions occurred when the distance was lowered from 100 km to 25 km. These findings offer insights for creating practical plans that should increase the sustainability of agricultural biomass leftovers. Full article

Wildfires usually lead to a large amount of property damage and threaten life safety. Image recognition for fire detection is now an important tool for intelligent fire protection, and the advancement of deep learning technologies has enabled an increasing number of cameras to possess functionalities for fire detection and automatic alarm triggering. To address the inaccuracies in extracting texture and positional information during intelligent fire recognition, we have developed a novel network called DCP-Net based on UNet, which excels at capturing flame features across multiple scales. We conducted experiments using the Corsican Fire Dataset produced by the “Environmental Science UMR CNRS 6134 SPE” laboratory at the University of Corsica and the BoWFire Dataset by Chino et al. Our algorithm was compared with networks such as SegNet, UNet, UNet++, and PSPNet, demonstrating superior performance across three metrics: mIoU, F1-score, and OA. Our proposed deep learning model achieves the best mIoU (78.9%), F1-score (76.1%), and OA (96.7%). These results underscore the robustness of our algorithm, which accurately identifies complex flames, thereby making a significant contribution to intelligent fire recognition. Therefore, the proposed DCP-Net model offers a viable solution to the challenges of wildfire monitoring using cameras, with hardware and software requirements typical of deep learning setups. Full article

Alphabaculoviruses are lethal dsDNA viruses of Lepidoptera that have high genetic diversity and are transmitted in aggregates within proteinaceous occlusion bodies. This mode of transmission has implications for their efficacy as biological insecticides. A Nicaraguan isolate of Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SfMNPV-NIC) comprising nine genotypic variants has been the subject of considerable study due to the influence of variant interactions on the insecticidal properties of mixed-variant occlusion bodies. As part of a systematic study on the replication and transmission of variant mixtures, a tool for the accurate quantification of a selection of genotypic variants was developed based on the quantitative PCR technique (qPCR). First, primer pairs were designed around a region of high variability in four variants named SfNic-A, SfNic-B, SfNic-C and SfNic-E to produce amplicons of 103–150 bp. Then, using cloned purified amplicons as standards, amplification was demonstrated over a dynamic range of 10⁸–10¹ copies of each target. The assay was efficient (mean ± SD: 98.5 ± 0.8%), reproducible, as shown by low inter- and intra-assay coefficients of variation (<5%), and specific to the target variants (99.7–100% specificity across variants). The quantification method was validated on mixtures of genotype-specific amplicons and demonstrated accurate quantification. Finally, mixtures of the four variants were quantified based on mixtures of budded virions and mixtures of DNA extracted from occlusion-derived virions. In both cases, mixed-variant preparations compared favorably to total viral genome numbers by quantification of the polyhedrin (polh) gene that is present in all variants. This technique should prove invaluable in elucidating the influence of variant diversity on the transmission and insecticidal characteristics of this pathogen. Full article

Energy production through non-conventional renewable sources allows progress towards meeting the Sustainable Development Objectives and constitutes abundant and reliable sources when combined with storage systems. From a financial viewpoint, renewable energy production projects withstand significant challenges such as competition, irreversibility of investments, high uncertainty levels, and considerable investment amounts. These facts make their financial valuation fundamental for all the agents involved. Using the Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus databases, a scientometric analysis was carried out to understand the methods that have been used in the financial appraisal of photovoltaic energy generation projects with storage systems. The present research project was developed from 268 studies published between 2013 and 2023; tools such as Bibliometrix 4.1.3, VOSViewer 1.6.19, and Tree of Science 0.0.1a9 were used. Two main findings stand out: (i) the most used methods in the literature are the traditional ones, and within them, the levelized cost of energy has been used with greater frequency; and (ii) there is an interest in analyzing the investments of these systems for residences within the framework of distributed energy generation. Two gaps were found in the literature: (i) the studies that were carried out have not comprehensively incorporated the financial challenges faced by these investments; and (ii) the evaluation of these projects has not been addressed from the perspective of a utility-based power generator. Full article