Abstract
Four research surveys of Falkland Island waters were carried out to determine the distribution and abundance of the early life-history stages of Loligo gahi (d'Orbigny, 1835) in the austral winter of 1988 and the austral springs of 1990, 1991 and 1992. Juveniles were caught during three of the four surveys in both Bongo nets and an RMT8 net. In each case, greatest numbers were consistently caught in waters of ≤100 m to the south and east of East Falkland. The use of an opening/closing net in 1992 showed that most L. gahi juveniles aggregate close to the sea floor and are more available to the sampling gear by night than by day. Limited temperature data for the 1991 and 1992 surveys suggest that distribution on the coastal shelf may be associated with water-column structure. In 1992 when temperature data implied a mixed water column, juveniles were caught in deeper water than in 1991 when the water column was stratified. The results suggest that the spawning grounds of L. gahi are probably situated to the south and east of the Falkland Islands, at least for squid hatched in the austral winter/spring.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Augustyn CJ (1990) Biological studies on the chokker squid Loligo vulgaris reynaudii (Cephalopoda; Myopsida) on spawning grounds off the south-east coast of South Africa. S Afr J mar Sci 9:11–26
Baker A de C, Clarke MR, Harris MJ (1973) The N.I.O. combination net (RMT 1+8) and further developments of rectangular midwater trawls. J mar biol Ass UK 53: 167–184
Boyle PR (1990) Cephalopod biology in the fisheries context. Fish Res 8:303–321
Clarke MR (1969) A new midwater trawl for sampling discrete depth horizons. J mar biol Ass UK 49:945–960
Clarke MR (1977) Beaks, nets and numbers. Symp zool Soc Lond 38:89–126
Fields WG (1965) The structure, development, food relations, reproduction, and life history of Loligo opalescens Berry. Calif Fish Game, Fish Bull 131:1–108
Hatfield EMC (1991) Post-recruit growth of the Patagonian squid Loligo gahi (d'Orbigny). Bull mar Sci 49:349–361
Hatfield EMC (1992) Recruitment, demography and growth of the Patagonian squid Loligo gahi (d'Orbigny, 1835) in Falkland Island waters. Ph.D. thesis. Council for National Academic Awards, London
Hatfield EMC, Rodhouse PG (1994) Migration as a source of bias in the measurement of cephalopod growth. Antarctic Sci 6:179–184
Hatfield EMC, Rodhouse PG, Porebski J (1990) Demography and distribution of the Patagonian squid (Loligo gahi, d'Orbigny) during the austral winter. J Cons int Explor Mer 46:306–312
Holme NA (1974) The biology of Loligo forbesi Steenstrup (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) in the Plymouth area. J mar biol Ass UK 54:481–503
McGowan JA (1954) Observations on the sexual behaviour and spawning of the squid, Loligo opalescens, at La Jolla, California. Calif Fish Game 40:47–54
Recksiek CW, Kashiwada J (1979) Distribution of larval squid, Loligo opalescens, in various inshore locations. Rep Calif coop ocean Fish Invest 20:31–34
Rodhouse PG, Symon C, Hatfield EMC (1992) Early life cycle of cephalopods in relation to the major oceanographic features of the southwest Atlantic ocean. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 89:183–195
Sauer WHH, Smale MJ, Lipinski MR (1992) The location of spawning grounds, spawning and schooling behaviour of the squid Loligo vulgaris reynaudii (Cephalopoda: Myopsida) off the Eastern Cape Coast, South Africa. Mar Biol 114:97–107
Summers WC (1971) Age and growth of Loligo pealei, a population study of the common Atlantic coast squid. Biol Bull mar biol Lab, Woods Hole 141:189–201
Summers WC (1983) Loligo pealei. In: Boyle PR (ed) Cephalopod life cycles. Vol. I. Species accounts. Academic Press Inc Ltd, London, pp 115–142
Vecchione M (1981) Aspects of the early life-history of Loligo pealei (Cephalopoda: Myopsida). J Shellfish Res 1:171–180
Vecchione M (1987) Juvenile ecology. In: Boyle PR (ed) Cephalopod life cycles. Vol. II. Comparative reviews. Academic Press Inc Ltd, London, pp 61–84
Vecchione M, Gaston GR (1985) In-situ observations on the small-scale distributions of juvenile squids (Cephalopoda: Loliginidae) on the northwest Florida shell. Vie Milieu 35:231–235
Voss GL (1983) A review of cephalopod fisheries biology. Mem natn Mus Vict 44:229–241
Wells MJ (1966) Cephalopod sense organs. In: Wilbur KM, Yonge CM (eds) Physiology of Mollusca. Academic Press, New York, pp 523–545
Worms J (1983) Loligo vulgaris. In: Boyle PR (ed) Cephalopod life cycles. Vol. I. Species accounts. Academic Press Inc Ltd, London, pp 143–157
Wormuth JH, Roper CFE (1983) Quantitative sampling of oceanic cephalopods by nets: problems and recommendations. Biol Oceanogr 2:357–377
Young RE, Harman RF (1988) “Larva”, “paralarva” and “subadult” in cephalopod terminology. Malacologia 29:201–207
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Communicated by J. Mauchline, Oban
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hatfield, E.M.C., Rodhouse, P.G. Distribution and abundance of juvenile Loligo gahi in Falkland Island waters. Marine Biology 121, 267–272 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00346735
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00346735