Skip to main content
Log in

Regulation of swelling of etiolated-wheat-leaf protoplasts by phytochrome and gibberellic acid

  • Published:
Planta Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The effect of light on the size of intact protoplasts isolated from the primary leaves of etiolated Triticum aestivum was studied. A 2-min red-light irradiation in the presence of 1 mM KCl was sufficient to cause a swelling of protoplasts compared with those maintained in darkness. The effect was photoreversible by far-red light over two light cycles, indicating the involvement of phytochrome. At 4°C, escape from reversibility occurred between 2 and 5 min after the exposure to red light. In exposure-response experiments, 20 s red light at 27 μmol m-2s-1 was sufficient to saturate the response. Exogenous gibberellic acid added in darkness in the presence of KCl also induced protoplast swelling. Gibberellins may act as an intermediate in the phytochrome-induced swelling of protoplasts.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

R:

red light

FR:

far-red light

GA3 :

gibberellic acid

GA:

gibberellin

Pfr :

far-red absorbing form of phytochrome

References

  • Beevers, L., Loveys, B., Pearson, J.A., Wareing, P.F. (1970) Phytochrome and hormonal control of expansion and greening of etiolated wheat leaves. Planta 90, 286–294

    Google Scholar 

  • Brownlee, C., Kendrick, R.E. (1979) Ion fluxes and phytochrome in mungbean hypocotyl segments. I. Fluxes of potassium. Plant Physiol. 64, 206–210

    Google Scholar 

  • Brownlee, C., Roth Bejerano, N., Kendrick, R.E. (1979) The molecular mode of phytochrome action. Sci. Prog. (Oxford) 66, 217–229

    Google Scholar 

  • Cherry, J.H. (1977) Hormone action. In: The molecular biology of plant cells. Botanical monographs, vol. 14, pp. 329–365, Smith, H., ed. Blackwell, Oxford London Edinburg Melbourne

    Google Scholar 

  • Dupont, F.M., Leonard, R.T. (1980) Solubilisation and partial purification of the adenosine triphosphatase from a corn root plasma membrane fraction. Plant Physiol 65, 931–938

    Google Scholar 

  • Edwards, G.E., Robinson, S.P., Tyler, N.J.C., Walker, D.A. (1978) Photosynthesis by isolated protoplasts, protoplast extracts, and chloroplasts of wheat. Influence of orthophosphate, pyrophosphate and adenylates. Plant Physiol. 62, 313–319

    Google Scholar 

  • Galun, E. (1981) Plant protoplasts as physiological tools. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. 32, 237–266

    Google Scholar 

  • Hale, C.C., Roux, S.J. (1980) Photoreversible calcium fluxes induced by phytochrome in oat coleoptile cells. Plant Physiol. 65, 658–662

    Google Scholar 

  • Hendricks, S.B., Borthwick, H.A. (1967) The function of phytochrome in the regulation of plant growth. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 58, 2125–2130

    Google Scholar 

  • Loveys, B.R., Wareing, P.F. (1971a) The red light controlled production of gibberellin in etiolated wheat leaves. Planta 98, 109–116

    Google Scholar 

  • Loveys, B.R., Wareing, P.F. (1971b) The hormonal control of wheat leaf unrolling. Planta 98, 117–127

    Google Scholar 

  • Marmé, D. (1977) Phytochrome: membranes as possible sites of primary action. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. 28, 173–198

    Google Scholar 

  • Roux, S.J., Yguerabide, J. (1973) Photoreversible conductance changes induced by phytochrome in model lipid membranes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 70, 762–764

    Google Scholar 

  • Satter, R.L., Galston, A.W. (1971) Potassium flux: a common feature of Albizzia leaf movement controlled by phytochrome or endogenous rhythm. Science 174, 518–520

    Google Scholar 

  • Satter, R.L., Marinoff, P., Galston, A.W. (1970) Phytochrome controlled nyctinasty in Albizzia julibrissin. II. Potassium flux as a basis for leaflet movement. Am. J. Bot. 57, 916–926

    Google Scholar 

  • Warner, T.J., Ross, J.D., Coombs, J. (1981) Phytochrome control of maize coleoptile section elongation. A rapid loss of photoreversibility. Plant Physiol. 67, 355–357

    Google Scholar 

  • Weisenseel, M.H., Smeibidl, E. (1973) Phytochrome controls the water permeability in Mougeotia. Z. Pflanzenphysiol. 70, 420–431

    Google Scholar 

  • Widholm, J.M. (1972) The use of fluorescence diacetate and phenosafranine for determining viability of cultured plant cells. Stain Technol. 47, 189–194

    Google Scholar 

  • Wood, A., Paleg, L.G. (1972) The influence of gibberellic acid on the permeability of model membrane systems. Plant Physiol. 50, 103–108

    Google Scholar 

  • Wood, A., Paleg, L.G. (1974) Alteration of liposomal membrane fluidity by gibberellic acid. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 1, 31–40

    Google Scholar 

  • Zeiger, E., Hepler, P.K. (1977) Light and stomatal function: blue light stimulates swelling of guard cell protoplasts. Science 196, 887–889

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Blakeley, S.D., Thomas, B., Hall, J.L. et al. Regulation of swelling of etiolated-wheat-leaf protoplasts by phytochrome and gibberellic acid. Planta 158, 416–421 (1983). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00397734

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00397734

Key words

Navigation