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Trace element and isotopic variations in a zoned pluton and associated volcanic rocks, Unalaska Island, Alaska: A model for fractionation in the Aleutian calcalkaline suite

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Abstract

Trace elements, including rare earth elements (REE), exhibit systematic variations in plutonic rocks from the Captains Bay pluton which is zoned from a narrow gabbroic rim to a core of quartz monzodiorite and granodiorite. The chemical variations parallel those in the associated Aleutian calcalkaline volcanic suite. Concentrations of Rb, Y, Zr and Ba increase as Sr and Ti decrease with progressive differentiation. Intermediate plutonic rocks are slightly enriched in light REE (La/Yb=3.45–9.22), and show increasing light REE fractionation and negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu*=1.03–0.584). Two border-zone gabbros have similar REE patterns but are relatively depleted in total REE and have positive Eu anomalies; indicative of their cumulate nature. Initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios in 8 samples (0.70299 to 0.70377) are comparable to those of volcanic rocks throughout the arc and suggest a mantle source for the magmas. Oxygen isotopic ratios indicate that many of the intermediate plutonic rocks have undergone oxygen isotopic exchange with large volumes of meteoric water during the late stages of crystallization; however no trace element or Sr isotopic alteration is evident.

Major and trace element variations are consistent with a model of inward fractional crystallization of a parental high-alumina basaltic magma at low pressures (〈6 kb). Least-squares approximations and trace element fractionation calculations suggest that differentiation in the plutonic suite was initially controlled by the removal of calcic plagioclase, lesser pyroxene, olivine and Fe-Ti oxides but that with increasing differentiation and water fugacity the removal of sub-equal amounts of sodic plagioclase and hornblende with lesser Fe-Ti oxides effectively drove residual liquids toward dacitic compositions. Major and trace element compositions of aplites which intrude the pluton are not adequately explained by fractional crystallization. They may represent partial melts derived from the island arc crust. Similarities in Sr isotopes, chemical compositions and differentiation trends between the plutonic series and some Aleutian volcanic suites indicates that shallow-level fractional crystallization is a viable mechanism for generating the Aleutian calcalkaline rock series.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, 2600, Canberra, ACT, Australia

    Michael R. Perfit

  2. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Queens College of the City University of New York, 11367, Flushing, NY, USA

    Hannes Brueckner

  3. Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory of Columbia University, 10964, Palisades, NY, USA

    Hannes Brueckner & James R. Lawrence

  4. Department of Geological Sciences, Cornell University, 14853, Ithaca, NY, USA

    Robert W. Kay

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Perfit, M.R., Brueckner, H., Lawrence, J.R. et al. Trace element and isotopic variations in a zoned pluton and associated volcanic rocks, Unalaska Island, Alaska: A model for fractionation in the Aleutian calcalkaline suite. Contr. Mineral. and Petrol. 73, 69–87 (1980). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00376261

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