Abstract
Secondary xylem, or wood, is the tissue that conducts water and minerals in the tree; thus it performs physiologically one of the most important functions for the tree. In addition secondary xylem is the tissue that primarily determines the suitability of a tree for various economic uses.
Investigation of the development of secondary xylem shows that it was gradual. Xylem mother cells, the immediate derivatives of cambial initals, were, at first, small cells with thin cell walls. Then the xylem mother cells enlarged radially, but still retained thin cell walls. When these cells reached the radial diameter of mature tracheids, the secondary wall deposition began. This continued until thick, rigid cell walls were attained. These thick, rigid walls determine the physical properties of a certain species of wood. This investigation shows that physical properties of tracheids can differ with stages of development.
Zusammenfassung
Das Sekundärxylem, oder das Holz, ist dasjenige Gewebe, welches Wasser und Mineralstoffe im Baum führt. Damit erfüllt es eine der wichtigsten physiologischen Funktionen für den Baum. Außerdem bestimmt das Gewebe des Sekundärxylems in erster Linie die Verwendbarkeit des Baumes bzw. des Holzes zu wirtschaftlichen Zwecken. Die Untersuchung der Entwicklung des Sekundärxylems zeigte, daß diese Entwicklung abgestuft vor sich geht. Die Xylem-Mutterzellen, unmittelbare Abkömmlinge der Kambium Initialen, zeigten sich zuerst als kleine Zellen mit dünnen Zellwänden. Dann erweiterten sie sich in radialer Richtung, blieben aber immer noch dünn in ihren Zellwänden. Als diese Zellen etwa den Durchmesser von reifen Tracheiden erreicht hatten, begann die Auflagerung der Sekundärschicht. Dieser Vorgang setzte sich fort bis sich dicke, feste Zellwände gebildet hatten. Diese dicken, steifen Zellwände bestimmen weitgehend die physikalisch-mechanischen Eigenschaften der betreffenden Holzart. Die vorliegenden Untersuchungen zeigen, daß die physikalischen Eigenschaften der Tracheiden je nach der Entwicklungsstufe schwanken können.
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This report is based on portions of work in fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree in Botany at the University of Wisconsin.
Maintained at Madison, Wisconsin, 53705, U. S. A., in cooperation with the University of Wisconsin.
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Murmanis, L., Sachs, I.B. Seasonal development of secondary xylem in Pinus Strobus L.. Wood Science and Technology 3, 177–193 (1969). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00367210
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00367210