Skip to main content
Log in

Microstructure of wood char

Part 2: Fire retardant treated wood

  • Published:
Wood Science and Technology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

The exposure of wood treated with a commercial fire retardant chemical to fire conditions resulted in different patterns of char and fissure development than are seen in untreated whole wood. In addition microstructural observations demonstrated the existence of particulate fire retardant residues in char from treated wood. The source and mode of growth of these particles is considered as well as effects of fire retardants on crack growth, char development and overall appearance of chars from treated wood.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Beaumont, P. W. R. 1974: A fracture mechanics approach to failure in fibrous composites. J. Adhes. 6: 107–137

    Google Scholar 

  • Broido, A.; Kilzner, F. J. 1963: A critique of the present state of knowledge for the mechanism of cellulose pyrolysis. Fire Res. Abstr. and Rev. 5 (2): 157

    Google Scholar 

  • Broido, A.; Javier-son, A. C.; Ouano, A. C.; Barrall, E. M., III. 1973: Molecular weight decreases in the early pyrolysis of crystalline and amorphous cellulose. J. Appl. Poly. Sci., 12 (36): 27–35

    Google Scholar 

  • Broido, A. 1975: (Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, USDA Forest Service, Berkeley, CA). Personal communication

  • Broido, A.; Nelson, M. A. 1975: Char yields on pyrolysis of cellulose. Combind. Flame 24: 263–280

    Google Scholar 

  • Eickner, H. W.; Stinson, J.; Jordan, J. 1969: Ammonium polyphosphate liquid fertilizer as fire retardant for wood. Proc. Am. Wood Pres. Assoc. 65: 260–271

    Google Scholar 

  • Gaggar, S.; Broutman, L. J. 1974: Development of a damage zone at the tip of a crack in a glass fiber reinforced polyster resin. Int'l. J. of Fracture 10: 606–608

    Google Scholar 

  • Greaves, H. 1974. Electron probe X-ray analysis of selected anatomical features in CCA treated wood. Wood Sci. 7 (2): 164

    Google Scholar 

  • Hess, D.; Falk, R.; Bayer, D. 1975: The influence of specimen topography on X-ray microanalysis element mapping. Am. J. Bot. 62 (3): 246–253

    Google Scholar 

  • Knudson, R. M.; Williamson, R. B. 1971: Influence of temperature and time upon pyrolysis of untreated and fire retardant treated wood. Wood Sci. Technol. 5: 176–189

    Google Scholar 

  • Koch, P. 1972. Utilization of the southern pines. Vol. II, (1117–1126). USDA Ag. Hdbk. No. 420 GPO, Wash., D.C.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kusy, R. P.; Turner, D. T. 1977: Influence of molecular weight of PMMA on fracture morphology in notched tension. Polymer 18: 391

    Google Scholar 

  • Levitt, A. P. 1970: Whisker Technology. New York: John Wiley

    Google Scholar 

  • Mallick, P. R.; Broutman, L. J. 1975: Mechanical and fracture behavior of glass bead filled epoxy composites. Mater. Sci. Eng. 18: 63–73

    Google Scholar 

  • Sultan, J. N.; McGarry, F. J. 1967: Toughening mechanisms in polyester resins and composites. Mat. Res. Lab., Dept. of Civ. Eng., MIT Res. Report R 67-66

  • Tang, W.; Neill, W. R. 1964: Effect of flame retardants on pyrolysis and combustion of α-cellulose. J. Poly. Sci. Part C. 6: 65–81

    Google Scholar 

  • Tang, W. 1967: Effect of inorganic salts on pyrolysis of wood, α-cellulose and lignin-determined by dynamic thermogravimetry. USDA For. Prod. Lab., Madison, Wisc. Res. Paper FPL 91

    Google Scholar 

  • Tang, W. K.; Eickner, H. W. 1968: Effect of inorganic salts on pyrolysis of wood, cellulose and lignin by D. T. A. USDA For. Prod. Lab., Madison, Wisc. Res. Paper FPL 82

    Google Scholar 

  • Willner, A. M.; McGarry, F. J. 1966: Effects of interstitial inclusions in fiber reinforced composites. Second Quarterly Progress Report, Mat. Res. Lab., Dept. Civ. Eng., MIT

  • Zicherman, J. B. 1975: SEM X-ray analysis of pentachlorophenol in treated wood. Wood and Fiber 7 (2): 110–118

    Google Scholar 

  • Zicherman, J. B. 1978: A study of wood morphology and microstructure in relation to its behavior in fire exposure. Ph. D. Dissertation, Univ. Calif., Berkeley. (Available from University microfilms, Ann Arbor, Mich. and as U.C. Berkeley Fire Res. Group Report No. 78-114)

    Google Scholar 

  • Zicherman, J. B.; Williamson, R. B. 1981: Fire exposure of small wood specimens. Fire Technology (In press)

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

The authors wish to acknowledge the general support of the University of California Berkeley Fire Research Group (NSF-RANN-S-22053, NFPCa-S-22584), University of California Berkeley Electron Microscopy Lab. (NSF-GB-38359) and the University of California, Davis Department of Botany (NSF-GB-29653). In addition we would also like to thank Dr. Arno P. Schniewind, University of California Forest Products Laboratory and Dr. R. Falk, University of California, Davis, Department of Botany

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Zicherman, J.B., Williamson, R.B. Microstructure of wood char. Wood Sci. Technol. 16, 19–34 (1982). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00351372

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00351372

Keywords

Navigation