Abstract
The MAL1 locus of Saccharomyces cerevisiae comprises three genes necessary for maltose utilization: a regulatory (MALR), a maltose transport (MALT) and a maltase gene (MALS). A fine structure genetic map of the MAL1R gene was constructed and the order of mutations was confirmed by plasmid-mediated chromosomal recombination. The mutations cluster non-randomly within the 5′ half of the gene, where the putative DNA binding domain of the encoded protein is located. Only mutations mal1 R-22 and MAL1R-72 map in the 3′ terminal half of the gene; these mutations cause a different pattern of transcriptional regulation of plasmid-borne MAL6T genes. Experiments supporting a direct involvement of the MALR-encoded protein in carbon catabolite repression of MAL gene expression are reported.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Baker SM, Johnston SA, Hopper JE, Jaehning JA (1987) Transcription of multiple copies of the yeast GAL7 gene is limited by specific factors in addition to GAL4. Mol Gen Genet 208:127–134
Barnett JA (1976) The utilization of sugars by yeast. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 32:126–234
Birnboim HC, Doly J (1979) A rapid alkaline extraction procedure for screening recombinant plasmid DNA. Nucleic Acids Res 7:1513–1523
Carlson M (1987) Regulation of sugar utilization in Saccharomyces species. J Bacteriol 169:4873–4877
Charron MJ, Michels CA (1987) The constitutive, glucose-repression-insensitive mutation of the yeast MAL4 locus is an alteration at the MAL43 gene. Genetics 116:23–31
Charron MJ, Dubin RA, Michels CA (1986) Structural and functional analysis of the MAL1 locus of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Cell Biol 6:3891–3899
Chow T (1987) Structure and organization of the yeast MAL loci. Doctoral Dissertation, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University
Chow T, Goldenthal MJ, Cohen JD, Hegde M, Marmur J (1983) Identification and physical characterization of yeast maltase structural genes. Mol Gen Genet 191:366–371
Chow T, Sollitti P, Marmur J (1989) Structure of the multigene family of MAL loci in Saccaromyces. Mol Gen Genet 217:60–69
Cohen JD, Goldenthal MJ, Buchferer B, Marmur J (1984) Mutational analysis of the MAL1 locus of Saccharomyces: identification and functional characterization of three genes. Mol Gen Genet 196:208–216
Cohen JD, Goldenthal MJ, Chow T, Buchferer B, Marmur J (1985) Organization of the MAL loci of Saccharomyces. Physical identification and functional characterization of three genes at the MAL6 locus. Mol Gen Genet 200:1–8
deKroon RA, Koninsberger W (1970) An inducible transport system for α-glucosides in protoplasts of Saccharomyces carlsbergensis. Biochim Biophys Acta 204:590–609
Entian KD (1986) Glucose repression: a complex regulatory system in yeast. Microbiol Sci 3:366–371
Federoff HJ, Cohen JD, Eccleshall TR, Needleman RB, Buchferer BA, Giacalone J, Marmur J (1982) Isolation of a maltase structural gene from Saccharomyces carlsbergensis J Bacteriol 116:1064–1070
Goldenthal MJ, Cohen JD, Marmur J (1983) Isolation and characterization of a maltose transport mutant in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Curr Genet 7:195–199
Goldenthal MJ, Vanoni M, Buchferer B,Marmur J (1987) Regulation of MAL gene expression in yeast: gene dosage effects. Mol Gen Genet 209:508–517
Hong SH, Marmur J (1986) Primary structure of the maltase gene of the MAL6 locus of Saccharomyces carlsbergensis. Gene 41:75–84
Hong SH, Marmur J (1987) Upstream regulatory regions controlling the expression of the yeast maltase gene. Mol Cell Biol 7:2477–2483
Hope IA, Struhl K (1986) Functional dissection of a eukaryotic transcriptional activator protein, GCN4 of yeast. Cell 46:885–894
Ito H, Fukada Y, Murata K, Kimura K (1983) Transformation of intact yeast cells treated with alkali cations. J Bacteriol 153:163–168
Johnston M (1987) Genetic evidence that zinc is an essential cofactor in the DNA binding domain of GAL4 protein. Nature 328:353–355
Johnston M, Dover J (1987) Mutations that inactivate a yeast transcriptional regulatory protein cluster in an evolutionary conserved DNA binding domain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84:2401–2405
Kim J, Michels CA (1988) The MAL63 gene of Saccharomyces encodes a cysteine-zinc protein. Curr Genet 14:319–32
Landschulz WH, Johnson PF, McKnight SL (1988) The leucine zipper: a hypothetical structure common to a new class of DNA binding proteins. Science 240:1759–1764
Liljelund P, Losson R, Kammerer B, Lacroute F (1984) Yeast regulatory gene PPR1. II Chromosomal localization, meiotic map, suppresibility, dominance/recessivity and dosage effect. J Mol Biol 180:251–265
Ma J, Ptashne M (1987) Deletion analysis of GAL4 defines two transcriptional activating segments. Cell 48:847–853
Maniatis T, Fritsch EF, Sambrook J (1982) Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor NY
Matsumoto K, Adachi Y, Toh-e A, Oshima Y (1980) Function of positive regulatory gene GAL4 in the synthesis of galactose pathway enzymes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: evidence that the GAL81 region codes part of the GAL4 protein. J Bacteriol 141:508–527
Miller J, McLachlan AD, Klug A (1985) Repetitive zinc-binding domains in the protein transcription factor IIIA from Xenopus oocytes. EMBO J 4:1609–1614
Needleman RB, Kabak DB, Dubin RA, Perkins EL, Rosenberg NG, Sutherland KA, Forrest DB, Michels CA (1984) MAL6 of Saccharomyces: a complex locus containing three genes required for maltose fermentation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81:2811–2815
Ptashne M (1988) How eukaryotic transcriptional activators work. Nature 335:683–689
Rodicio R (1986) Insertion of non-homologous DNA sequences into a regulatory gene cause a constitutive maltase synthesis in yeast. Curr Genet 11:235–241
Sherman F, Fink GR, Hicks J (1981) Methods in yeast genetics. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY
Sollitti P, Marmur J (1988) Primary structure of the regulatory gene from the MAL6 locus of Saccharomyces carlsbergensis. Mol Gen Genet 213:56–62
Vanoni M, Hong SH, Goldenthal MJ, Marmur J (1988) Trans-acting genes and cis-acting upstream regulatory regions affecting the expression of maltase in budding yeast. In: Bissel M, Deho' G, Sironi G, Torriani A (eds) Gene expression and regulation: the legacy of Luigi Gorini. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 247–256
Vanoni M, Sollitti P, Goldenthal M, Marmur J (1989) Structure and regulation of the multigene family controlling maltose fermentation in budding yeast. Prog Nucleic Acid Res Mol Biol 37:281–322
Yao B, Sollitti P, Marmur J (1989) Primary structure of the maltose-permease-encoding gene of Saccharomyces carlsbergensis. Gene 79:189–197
Zimmermann FK, Eaton NR (1974) Genetics of induction and catabolite repression of maltase synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Gen Gent 134:261–271
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Goldenthal, M.J., Vanoni, M. Genetic mapping and biochemical analysis of mutants in the maltose regulatory gene of the MAL1 locus of Saccharomyces cerevisiae . Arch. Microbiol. 154, 544–549 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00248834
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00248834