Summary
The cytology of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) suspension lines, recycled lines (selected for high division frequency) and their dividing protoplasts, have been examined. Extensive numerical and structural chromosome variation was present in all the lines. The most frequently observed chromosome numbers were around 2n=32, indicating that considerable chromosome loss from the normal wheat complement (2n=6x=42) had occurred during selection of the lines. Chromosome aberrations also indicated loss of chromosome arms and chromosome segments. The implications of this variation for studies on transformation and for the potential regeneration of whole plants from protoplasts of bread wheat are discussed.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bayliss MW, Gould AR (1974) Studies on the growth in culture of plant cells. 18. Nuclear cytology of Acer pseudoplatanus suspension cultures. J Exp Bot 25:772–783
Browers MA, Orton, TJ (1982) Transmission of gross chromosomal variability from suspension cultures into regenerated celery plants. J Hered 32:159–162
Carr DH, Walker JE (1961) Carbol fuchsin as a stain for human chromosomes. Stain Technol 36:233–236
Fromm ME, Taylor LP, Walbot V (1986) Stable transformation of maize after gene transfer by electroporation. Nature 319:791–793
Fujimara T, Sakurai M, Akagi H, Negishi T, Hirose A (1985) Regeneration of rice plants from protoplasts. Plant Tissue Cult Lett 2:74–75
Hauptmann, RM, Ozias-Akins P, Vasil V, Tabacizedeh Z, Rogers SG, Horsch RB, Vasil IK, Fraley R (1986) Transient expression of electroporated DNA in monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous species (in press)
Heinz DJ, Mee GWP, Nickell LG (1969) Chromosome numbers of some Saccharum species hybrids and their cell suspension cultures. Am J Bot 56:450–456
Jones MGK (1985 a) Transformation of cereal crops by direct gene transfer. Nature 317:579–580
Jones MGK. (1985 b) Cereal protoplasts. In: Bright SWJ, Jones MGK (eds) Cereal tissue and cell culture. Nijhoff/Junk, Dordrecht, pp 204–230
Jones MGK, Dale PJ (1982) Reproducible regeneration of callus from suspension culture protoplasts of the grass Lolium multiflorum. Z Pflanzenphysiol 105:267–274
Jones MGK, de Both MTJ, Wu QS, Sparks CA, Maddock SE and Gleddie S (1986) Transient expression of CAT in wheat protoplasts following electroporation. In: Proc 6th Int Congr Plant Tissue Cell Culture. Minneapolis, p 191
Kao KN (1975) A chromosomal staining method for cultured cells. In: Gamborg OL, Wetter LR (eds) Plant tissue culture methods. Nat Res Council, Prairie Regional Laboratory, Saskatoon, Canada, pp 63–64
Kao KN, Miller RA, Gamborg OL, Harvey BL (1970) Variations in chromosome number and structure in plant cells grown in suspension cultures. Can J Genet Cytol 12:297–301
Karp A, Maddock SE (1984) Chromosome variation in wheat plants regenerated from cultured immature embryos. Theor Appl Genet 67:249–255
Lörz H, Baker B, Schell J (1985) Gene transfer to cereals mediated by protoplast transformation. Mol Gen Genet 199:178–182
Maddock SE (1987) Suspension and protoplast culture of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Plant Cell Rep 6:23–26
Murashige T, Nakano R (1967) Chromosome complement as a determinant of the morphogenetic potential of tobacco cells. Am J Bot 54:963–970
Murata M, Orton TJ (1983) Chromosome structural changes in cultured celery cells. In Vitro 19:83–89
Ono K, Harashima S (1983) Growth characteristics and chromosomal behaviour of cell suspension lines established from pollen callus of peony. Jpn J Genet 58:209–218
Ou-Lee T-M, Turgeon R, Wu R (1986) Expression of a foreign gene linked to either a plant virus or a Drosophila promoter, after electroporation of protoplasts of rice, wheat and sorghum. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83:6815–6819
Pijnacker LP, Hermelink JHM, Ferwerda MA (1986) Variability of DNA content and karyotype in cell cultures of an interdihaploid Solanum tuberosum. Plant Cell Rep 5:43–346
Pijnacker LP, Walch K, Ferwerda MA (1986) Behaviour of chromosomes in potato leaf tissue cultured in vitro as studied by BrdC-Giemsa labelling. Theor Appl Genet 72:833–839
Potrykus I, Saul MW, Petruska J, Paszkowski J, Shillito R (1985) Direct gene transfer to cells of a graminaceous monocot. Mol Gen Genet 199:183–188
Singh BD (1981) Origin of aneuploid variation in tissue cultures of Haplopappus gracilis and Vicia hajastana. Caryologia 34:337–343
Wersuhn G, Dathe U (1983) Karyotypic variability of in vitro cultures of plants. Biol Zentralbl 102:551–557
Wu QS, de Both MTJ, Jones MGK (1986) Improvement in the division frequency of wheat (Triticum aestivum) suspension culture protoplasts by recycling (submitted)
Zagorska NA, Shamina BZ, Butenko RG (1974) The relationship of morphogenetic potency of tobacco tissue culture and its cytogenetic features. Biol Plant 16:262–274
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Communicated by R.Riley
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Karp, A., Wu, Q.S., Steele, S.H. et al. Chromosome variation in dividing protoplasts and cell suspensions of wheat. Theoret. Appl. Genetics 74, 140–146 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00290096
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00290096