Abstract
The seismic focal process is controlled by two kinds of physical parameters: On the one hand, stable entities namely the tectonic-stress field, the dimensions of elastically reacting volumes, and the size and orientation of preexisting fractures; on the other hand, frictionlike processes which greatly influence the situation before an earthquake and the seismic dislocations. Because of the singular direction of fault movements the friction processes change in an irreversible manner. These continuously changing situations determine, however, the relationship between aseismic creep and seismic movements. The friction phenomena also determine the distribution of seismic dislocations on focal surfaces of different geometric area.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Pavoni, N.: Papers Int. Symp. Recent Crustal Movements and Associated Seismicity, Wellington, N.Z., 1971
McKenzie, D.P.: Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 54, 591 (1969)
Scheidegger, A.E.: ibid. 49, 369 (1959)
Pavoni, N.: Verm. Photogramm. Kulturtechn. 3/4, 185 (1975)
Ahorner, L., Murawski, H., Schneider, G.: Geol. Rdsch. 61, 915 (1972)
Schneider, G.: Naturwissenschaften 59, 112 (1972)
Illies, H., Greiner, G.: Oberrhein, geol. Abh. 25, 1 (1976)
Rummel, F., Jung, R.: Pageoph 113, 321 (1975)
Hiller, W.: Geol. Rdsch. 46, 39 (1957)
Scholz, C.H.: Nature 267, 121 (1977)
Hatherton, T.: Nature Phys. Sci. 229, 119 (1971)
Carter, N.L.: Rev. Geophys. Space Phys. 14, 301 (1976)
Gutenberg, B., Richter, C.F.: Seismicity of the Earth. Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press 1954
Rothé, J. -P.: The Seismicity of the Earth. Paris: Unesco 1969
Karnik, V.: Seismicity of the European Area, Part I. Dordrecht: Reidel 1969
Karnik, V.: Seismicity of the European Area, Part II. Dordrecht: Reidel 1971
Di Filippo, D., Peronaci, F.: Ann. Geof. 15, 195 (1962)
Murphy, L.M.: San Fernando, California, Earthquake of February 9, 1971. Vol. 3: Geological and Geophysical Studies. US Dept. of Commerce, Washington D.C. 1973
Müller, G.: Z. Geophys. 42, 343 (1977)
Rikitake, T.: Tectonophys. 42, T43 (1977)
Chinnery, M.A., Petrak, J.A.: ibid. 5, 513 (1968)
Ahorner, L.: ibid. 29, 233 (1975)
Mei-Shi-Yun: Izv. Akad. Nauk UdSSR, Geophys. Ser. 381 (1960)
Lee, W.H.K., Wu, F.T., Jacobsen, C.: Bull. Seism: Soc. Am. 66, 2003 (1976)
Reiner, M.: Rheology. Handbuch der Physik, Band 6, S. 434. Berlin-Göttingen-Heidelberg: Springer 1958
Reid, H.: Gerland's Beitr. Geophys. 10, 318 (1910)
Scholz, C.H., Wyss, M., Smith, S.W.: J. Geophys. Res. 74, 2049 (1969)
Wyss, M.: Pageoph 116, 4/5 (1978)
Byerlee, J.D., Brace, W.F.: J. Geophys. Res. 73, 6031 (1968)
Geyer, O.F., Gwinner, M.P.: Geologie von Baden-Württemberg. Stuttgart: Schweizerbart 1968
Jensch, A.: Dissert. Univ. Stuttgart 1972
Ebeling, W.: Strukturbildung bei irreversiblen Prozessen. Leipzig: Teubner 1976
Sieberg, A.: Veröff. Reichsanst. Erdbebenforsch. Jena 2 (1940)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Schneider, G. Wie überraschend treten Erdbeben auf?. Naturwissenschaften 66, 65–72 (1979). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00373496
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00373496