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Acclimation response of spring wheat in a free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) atmosphere with variable soil nitrogen regimes. 2. Net assimilation and stomatal conductance of leaves

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Abstract

Atmospheric CO2 concentration continues to rise. It is important, therefore, to determine what acclimatory changes will occur within the photosynthetic apparatus of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Yecora Rojo) grown in a future high-CO2 world at ample and limited soil N contents. Wheat was grown in an open field exposed to the CO2 concentration of ambient air [370 μmol (CO2) mol−1; Control] and air enriched to ∼200 μmol (CO2) mol−1 above ambient using a Free-Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) apparatus (main plot). A High (35 g m−2) or Low (7 and 1.5 g m−2 for 1996 and 1997, respectfully) level of N was applied to each half of the main CO2 treatment plots (split-plot). Under High-N, FACE reduced stomatal conductance (g s) by 30% at mid-morning (2 h prior to solar noon), 36% at midday (solar noon) and 27% at mid-afternoon (2.5 h after solar noon), whereas under Low-N, g s was reduced by as much as 31% at mid-morning, 44% at midday and 28% at mid-afternoon compared with Control. But, no significant CO2 × N interaction effects occurred. Across seasons and growth stages, daily accumulation of carbon (A′) was 27% greater in FACE than Control. High-N increased A′ by 18% compared with Low-N. In contrast to results for g s, however, significant CO2 × N interaction effects occurred because FACE increased A′ by 30% at High-N, but by only 23% at Low-N. FACE enhanced the seasonal accumulation of carbon (A′′) by 29% during 1996 (moderate N-stress), but by only 21% during 1997 (severe N-stress). These results support the premise that in a future high-CO2 world an acclimatory (down-regulation) response in the photosynthetic apparatus of field-grown wheat is anticipated. They also demonstrate, however, that the stimulatory effect of a rise in atmospheric CO2 on carbon gain in wheat can be maintained if nutrients such as nitrogen are in ample supply.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, US Water Conservation Laboratory, Phoenix, AZ, 85040, USA

    Gerard W. Wall

  2. Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, US Water Conservation Laboratory, Phoenix, AZ, 85040, USA

    Neal R. Adam, Bruce A. Kimball, Paul J. Pinter Jr., Robert L. LaMorte, Floyd J. Adamsen & Douglas J. Hunsaker

  3. Department of Plant Biology and Center for Early Events in Photosynthesis, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 871601, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA

    Neal R. Adam, Gabrielle Wechsung & Andrew N. Webber

  4. Maricopa Agricultural Center, University of Arizona, Maricopa, AZ, 85239, USA

    Talbot J. Brooks

  5. Department of Soil Science, Humboldt University of Berlin, Invalidenstrasse 42, 10115, Berlin, Germany

    Gabrielle Wechsung

  6. Potsdam-Institute for Climate Impact Research, P.O. Box 601203, D-14412, Potsdam, Germany

    Frank Wechsung & Susanne Grossman-Clarke

  7. Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA

    Steven W. Leavitt

  8. Department of Soil, Water, and Environmental Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA

    Allan D. Matthias

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  1. Gerard W. Wall
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  2. Neal R. Adam
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  4. Bruce A. Kimball
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Wall, G.W., Adam, N.R., Brooks, T.J. et al. Acclimation response of spring wheat in a free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) atmosphere with variable soil nitrogen regimes. 2. Net assimilation and stomatal conductance of leaves. Photosynthesis Research 66, 79–95 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010646225929

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