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The 2,4-D-induced wheat para-nodules are modified lateral roots with structure enhanced by rhizobial inoculation

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Abstract

Nodular outgrowths (para-nodules orp-nodules) on the roots of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. Miskle seedlings were induced by treatment with 0.3 and 0.6 mg L-1, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate (2,4-D). When co-inoculated withRhizobium trifolii strain ATCC 14480, morep-nodules were formed at these levels andp-nodulation occured at 0.1 mg L-1 indicating that inoculation enhances 2,4-D-inducedp-nodulation. Similar to lateral roots, thep-nodules arose from the pericycle opposite the phloem tissues and were free from the cortical cells of the parental root at all stages of development. Structurally, thep-nodules exhibited tissue differentiation. They possessed a highly organized central vascular cylinder connected to that of the parent root, an endodermis, a cap, and an apical and lateral meristems.P-nodules formed by 2,4-D treatment alone were irregularly lobed due to uncoordinated activity of the apical meristem, while those in the combined 2,4-D and inoculation treatment were more globose. The results of the present study indicate that the 2,4-D-induced wheatp-nodules are modified lateral roots, the structure of which is enhanced by rhizobial inoculation.

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Author notes

  1. Perigio B. Francisco Jr.

    Present address: USDA/ARS Plant Physiology and Genetics Research Unit, 331 PABL, University of Illinois, 1201 W. Gregory Drive, 61801, Urbana, IL, USA

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines, Diliman, 1101, Quezon City, Philippines

    Perigio B. Francisco Jr.

  2. Laboratory of Nitrogen Fixation, National Institute of Agrobiological Resources, 2-1-2 Kannondai, 305, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki, Japan

    Shoichiro Akao

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  1. Perigio B. Francisco Jr.
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  2. Shoichiro Akao
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Francisco, P.B., Akao, S. The 2,4-D-induced wheat para-nodules are modified lateral roots with structure enhanced by rhizobial inoculation. Plant Soil 157, 121–129 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02390234

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02390234

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