Abstract
In this article the GEM (Brandenburg, 1992; Brandenburg, 1988) theory is applied to the problem of the cosmos in which most of the matter is hydrogen, spacetime is flat, and a Cosmic Background Radiation CBR field exists. Using the two postulates of the GEM theory: 1. That gravity fields are equivalent to an array ofE ×B drifts or a spacially varying Poynting field, such that spacetime is determined by EM fields so that the stress tensor of ultrastrong fields is self-canceling; 2. That EM and gravity fields and protons and electrons are unified at the Planck scale of lengths and energies and split apart to form distinct fields and separate particles at the “Mesoscale” of normal particle rest energies and classical radii. A new derivation is made of the formula forG found previously:G =e 2/(m p m e )α exp(-2R 1/2) = 6.668 × 10−8 dynes cm2 g−2wherem p andm e are the proton and electron masses respectively,R =m p /m e andα is the fine structure constant, shows that quantum processes may occur which make the vacuum unstable to appearance of hydrogen thus allowing matter creation and a steady state universe to occur. The value for the Hubble Time calculated from this model isT o = (3/((2α)(αR 1/2)4))1/3(r e /c)(e 2/Gm p m e )= 19 Gyr wherer e =e 2 / (m e c 2)and follows the form first hypothesized by Dirac(1937). The CBR is traced to this process of matter creation and its temperature is calculated as beingT CBR = ((3/4)Gm e 2 c/(σ 2 σ o ))1/4 = 2.66K whereσ is the Thomson cross section of the electron andσ o is the Stefan-Boltzman constant.
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Brandenburg, J.E. A model cosmology based on gravity-electromagnetism unification. Astrophys Space Sci 227, 133–144 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00678073
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00678073