Abstract
This paper explores the place of Christian Wolff in the history of social science in English. The "Introduction" places Wolff in the context of the pre-history of modern social science. Samples are given of the great range of subjects on which he wrote. The importance of the German context is stressed. The second part is devoted to a sample of what the literature contains by and about Wolff. It emphasizes philosophy and science. Part three is a survey of works in the history of the social sciences that mention Wolff. He has a substantial place in political science and psychology, a much smaller place in economics and history, virtually none in anthropology, geography, and sociology. In the applied social sciences, he is found in the history of education. Possible reasons are given. Part four is devoted to the relationships of philosophy and philosophers in the pre-history of the social sciences. They were important in several different ways because they both shaped and reflected how many people thought about science and social problems. The “Summary and Conclusion” describes the present status. His contributions are summarized. He was a pivotal figure in the making of the German conception of social science. This is a preliminary study emphasizing the issues and problems that a more detailed examination would require. Several conventional judgments are challenged and possibilities for further research suggested.
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—. 1734. Discovery of the true cause of the wonderful multiplication of Corn, with some general remarks upon the nature of trees and plant. London, 1734. 8o 966. h. 5. Exact citation from The British Library General Catalogue. Vol. 354, page 299.
—. 1739. A treatise of algebra; with the application of it to a variety of problems in arithmetic, to geometry, trigonometry, and conic sections... Translated from the Latin... London, A. Bettesworth and C. Hitch, 1739. xii, 340 p. diagrs. on 8 fold. pl. 19 cm. Translated by John Hanna. Exact citation from The National Union Catalog. Vol. 671, page 197. The citation from The British Library General Catalogue, vol. 354, page 299, probably refers to the same work. “[Elementa matheseos universæ] A treatise of Algebra... By Christian Wolfius... To which is prefix'd, what he refers to in his three preliminary treatises. Translated [by John Hanna] from the Latin [i.e. from part of “Elementa matheseos universæ”]. [With plates.] pp. xii. 340. A. Bettesworth & C. Hitch: London, 1739. 8o. 1487. b. 7.” —. 1740. Der vernünfftigen Gedancken von Gott, der Welt, und der Seele des Menschen, auch allen Dingen überhaupt, anderer Theil bestehend in ausführlichen Anmerckungen. Reprint 1983. Mit einer Einleitung und einem kritishen Apparat [with an introduction and editorial comments by] von Charles A. Corr. Hildesheim, Zurich, New York: Georg Olms Verlag. It includes bibliographical references and index. It is one of the collected works—Gesammelte Werke; 1. Abteilung: Deutsche Schriften; Band 3: Anmerkungen zur Deutschen Metaphysik. It is a reprint of the 1740 edition, originally published: 4. Auflage, Franckfurt am Mayn: Andrea. The first edition of Vernünfftigen Gedancken von Gott, der Welt, und der Seele des Menschen, auch allen Dingen überhaupt appeared in 1720 although it was finished in 1719. The “Preface” to the first edition is dated December 23, 1719. The published dated it 1720. This work is often referred to as Deutsche Metaphysik. It was followed by Anmerckungen über die vernünfftigen Gedancken von Gott, der Welt, und der Seele des Menschen, auch allen Dingen überhaupt, zu besserem Verstande und bequemerem Gebrauch derselben in 1724. In the second expanded edition of 1727 it was given the title in the reference above. Wolff wanted to stress the need to read the Deutsche Metaphysik with this work.
—. 1749. Jus gentium methodo scientifica pertractatum in quo jus gentium naturale ab eo, quod voluntarii, pactitti et consuedtudinarii est, accurate distinguitur. Reprint 1934. 2 vols. Oxford: At The Clarendon Press; London: Humphrey Milford. Volume 1. A photographic reproduction of the edition of 1764, with an introduction by Dr. Otfried Nippold, a list of errata, and a portrait of Wolff. Volume 2. A translation of the text, by Joseph H. Drake, with a translation (by Francis J. Hemelt) of the introduction by Dr. Otfried Nippold, an index and a portrait of Wolff. The title page of the 1764 edition gives the full English title as, The Law of Nations Treated According to a Scientific Method: In which the Natural Law of Nations is carefully distinguished from that which is voluntary, stipulative and customary. A more accurate and finished edition than the preceding ones. It is volume 13 of The Classics of international law, one of the “Publications of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Division of International Law.” A reprint of the 1749 Halle edition was published in 1972 as volume 25 of Wolff's collected Latin writings. It was edited by Marcel Thomann, with an “Introduction” in French. Hildesheim, Zurich, New York: Georg Olms Verlag.
—. 1750a. The real happiness of a People under a philosophical king demonstrated; not only from the nature of things, but from the undoubted experience of the Chinese under... Fohi, etc. [Translated from “Oratio de Sinarum, philosophia practica.” (An abstract... of Wolfius's philosophy, by M. des Champs.) London, 1750. 8o. E. 2043. (5.) Exact citation from The British Library General Catalogue. Vol. 354, page 300. But see the discussion in the text. The reference to the translation is probably an error.
—. 1750b. The real happiness of a people under a philosophical king... London, Printed for M. Cooper. 1750. 2 p. 1, vii [1] 96 p. 201/2 cm. “An abstract drawn from the abridgment of Wolfius's philosophy, by Mr. Des Camps”: p.87–96. Exact citation from The National Union Catalog. Vol. 671, page 196. The citation from The British Library General Catalogue might refer to the same work.
—. 1765. A treatise of algebra with the application of it to a variety of problems in arithmetic, to geometry, trigonometry, and conic sections... By Christian Wolfius... To which is prefixed, what he refers to in his three preliminary treatises. Translated from the Latin... London. Printed for L. Hawes, W. Clarke, and R. Collins, 1765. xii, 340 p. diagrs. on 8 fold. pl. 201/2 cm. Exact citation from The National Union Catalog. Vol. 671, page 197.
—. 1770a. Logic; or Rational thoughts on the powers of the human understanding; with their use and application in the knowledge and search of truth. Translated from the German of Baron Wolfius. To which is prefixed a life of the author. London. Printed for L. Hawes, W. Clarke, and R. Collins, 1770. 2 p.l., lxxxviii, 228p., 3 1. diagrs. 21 cm. “Life of Baron Wolfius, abstracted from the German of Professor Gottsched of Leipsic”: p. [i]–lii. Exact citation from The National Union Catalog. Vol. 671, page 192. Two copies are listed, the citations for which differ only in minor details. The reference is to Johann Christoph Gottsched (1700–1766) and his Historische Loebschrift des Christian Wolff, Halle: 1755.
—. 1770b. Logic, or Rational thoughts on the powers of the human understanding with their use and application in the knowledge and search of truth. Translated from the German. To which is prefixed a life of the author. London, 1770. 8o. 8464. d. 8. Exact citation from The British Library General Catalogue. Vol. 354, page 301. Two copies are listed. The citation for the second has the annotation “MS. NOTES [by S. T. Coleridge].” The original publication was in 1713.
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SENN, P. What is the Place of Christian Wolff in the History of the Social Sciences?. European Journal of Law and Economics 4, 147–232 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008679326854
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008679326854