Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Theory of the vacuum drying of frozen tissues

  • Published:
The bulletin of mathematical biophysics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

    We’re sorry, something doesn't seem to be working properly.

    Please try refreshing the page. If that doesn't work, please contact support so we can address the problem.

Abstract

A general theory of the drying of frozen tissue is developed and applied to the measurement of the drying rate of frozen guinea pig liver. It is shown that for a given temperature of the subliming ice crystals the mininum drying time of a piece of guinea pig liver is greater than the minimum sublimation time of a piece of ice of the same size and shape by a factor of the order of one thousand. This fact has many implications in the design of freeze-dry apparatus which will be developed in a following paper.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Literature

  • Carman, P. C. 1948. “Molecular Distillation and Sublimation.”Trans. Far. Soc.,44, 529–36.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carslaw, H. S. and J. C. Jaeger. 1947.Conduction of Heat in Solids. London: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ede, A. J. 1949. “Physics of the Low-Temperature Vacuum Drying Process.”Jour. Soc. Chem. Ind.,68, 340–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1949. “The Low-Temperature Vacuum Drying Process as Applied to Green Peas.”Ibid.,68, 336–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Flosdorf, E. W. 1949Freeze-Drying. New York: Reinhold Publ. Corp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gersh, I. 1932. “The Altman Technique for Fixation by Drying While Freezing.”Anat. Rec.,53, 309–37.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Greaves, R. I. N. 1946. “The Preservation of Proteins by Drying, with Special Reference to the Production of Dried Human Serum and Plasma for Transfusion.”Medical Research Council. Special Report Series. #258.

  • — and M. E. Adair. 1939. “High-Vacuum Condensation Drying of Proteins from the Frozen State.”Jour. Hyg.,39, 413–45.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kennard, E. H. 1938.Kinetic Theory of Gases. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kramers, H. and S. Stemerding. 1951. “The Sublimation of Ice in Vacuum.”App. Sci. Res.,3, 73–82.

    Google Scholar 

  • Malmstrom, B. G. “Theoretical Considerations of the Rate of Dehydration by Histological Freezing-Drying.”Exp. Cell. Res.,2, 688–92.

  • Packer, D. M. and G. H. Scott. 1942. “A Cryostat of New Design for Low Temperature Tissue Dehydration.”Jour. Tech. Methods,22, 85–96.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scott, G. H. and N. L. Hoerr. 1950. “Drying: Frozen-Dehydration Method for Histologic Fixation.” 292–96.Medical Physics. Sec. Ed., Chicago: The Year Book Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sjöstrand, F. 1951. “Freeze-Drying of Tissues for Cell Analysis by Light and Electron Microscopy.” 177–88.Freezing and Drying. (Ed. R. J. C. Harris.) Institute of Biology: Travistock House South, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zamzov, W. H. and W. R. Marshall, Jr. 1952. “Freeze Drying with Radiant Energy.”Chem. Eng. Progress,48, 21–32.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anatomy, The University of Chicago, Chicago, USA

    John L. Stephenson

Authors
  1. John L. Stephenson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Additional information

Aided by a grant from the Wallace C. and Clara A. Abbott Memorial Fund of the University of Chicago and from the Commonwealth Fund of New York.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Stephenson, J.L. Theory of the vacuum drying of frozen tissues. Bulletin of Mathematical Biophysics 15, 411–429 (1953). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02476434

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02476434

Keywords

Search

Navigation