Summary
Water-soluble proteins (WSP-2 and WSP-3) and β-amylase (β-AMY-1) were extracted from mature endosperms of 44 spring and 39 winter barley genotypes. The protein and enzyme isoforms were separated in isoelectric focusing gels with a pH gradient of 4–6.5. The Wsp-3 and β-Amy-1 loci were located to chromosomes 4H using the wheat/barley chromosome addition lines. Segregation analysis of F2 and doubled haploid populations showed Wsp-2 and β-Amy-1 to be tightly linked, with a map distance of 11 cMorgans. Isoforms of WSP-2 possessed similar pIs to that of WSP-3 and overlapping bands were observed in the gels. These bands segregated independently in F2 and doubled haploid populations, implying two unlinked genes. All three loci were found to be polymorphic: two alleles were detected at the Wsp-2 locus, three at Wsp-3 and two at β-Amy-1. The frequency of alleles at all three loci was found to be different in winter and spring genotypes. Spring genotypes possessed a wider range of phenotypes than winter genotypes. Spring and winter genotypes could be distinguished on the basis of WSP-3 and β- AMY-1 phenotypes. The linkage between Wsp-3 and β-Amy-1 loci and genes controlling spring/winter habit on chromosome 4H is discussed. It is concluded that Wsp-3 and β-Amy-1 can be used as genetic markers for spring/winter habit in barley genetic research and breeding.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ainsworth CC, Miller TE, Gale MD (1987) α-Amylase and β-amylase homoeoloci in species related to wheat. Genet Res Camb 49:93–103
Chojecki J, Barnes S, Dunlop A (1989) A molecular marker for vernalisation requirement in barley. In. Helentjaris T, Burr B (eds) Development and application of molecular markers to problems in plant genetics. Cold Spring Harbour Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbour/NY, pp 145–148
Hejgaard J (1982) Purification and properties of protein Z — a major albumin of barley endosperm. Physiol Plant 54:174–182
Hejgaard J (1984) Gene products of barley chromosomes 4 and 7 are precursors of the major antigenic beer protein. J Inst Brew 90:85–87
Islam AKMR, Shepherd KW, Sparrow DHB (1975) Addition of individual barley chromosomes to wheat. In: Gaul H (ed) Barley Genetics III. Thiemig, Munich, pp 260–270
Liu CJ, Gale MD (1989) Ibf-1 (Iodine binding factor), a highly variable marker system in the Triticeae. Theor Appl Genet 77:233–240
Liu CJ, Chao S, Gale MD (1989) Wsp-1, a set of genes controlling water-soluble proteins in wheat and related species. Genet Res Camb 54:173–181
McIntosh RA (1988) Catalogue of gene symbols of wheat. In: Miller TE, Koebner RMD (eds) Proc 7th Int Wheat Genet Symp, Cambridge, pp 1225–1323
Nielsen G, Hejgaard J (1990) Mapping of isozyme and protein loci in barley. In: Scandalios JG (ed) Isozymes: current topics in biological and medical research. Alan R. Liss, New York (in press)
Nielsen G, Johansen H, Jensen J (1983) Localisation of barley chromosomes 4 of genes coding for β-amylase (Bmy1) and protein Z (Paz1). Barley Genet Newsl 13:55–57
Powling A, Islam AKMR, Shepherd KW (1981) Isozymes in wheat-barley hybrid derivatives lines. Biochem Genet 19:237–254
Shewry PR, Faulks AT, Pickering RA, Jones PT, Finch RA, Miflin BJ (1980) The genetical analysis of barley storage proteins. Heredity 44:383–389
Sogaard B, Wettstein-Knowles P (1987) Barley: genes and chromosomes. Carlsberg Res commun 52:123–196
Thompson DM, Chalmers K, Waugh R, Forster BP, Thomas WTB, Caligari PDS, Powell W (1991) The inheritance of genetic markers in microspore-derived plants of barley Hordeum vulgare L. Theor Appl Genet 81:487–492
Thompson DM, Powell W, Forster BP (1990b) Use of isoelectric focusing in barley varietal identification. Ann Appl Biol (in press)
Worland AJ, Law CN, Hollins TW, Koebner RMD, Giura A (1988) Location of a gene for resistance to eyespot (Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides) on chromosome 7D of bread wheat. Plant Breed 101:43–51
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Communicated by F. Salamini
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Forster, B.P., Thompson, D.M., Watters, J. et al. Water-soluble proteins of mature barley endosperm: genetic control, polymorphism, and linkage with β-amylase and spring/winter habit. Theoret. Appl. Genetics 81, 787–792 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00224991
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00224991