Abstract
Low energy He+-scattering was used to simply demonstrate that the surface of a typical fused iron ammonia synthesis catalyst is largely covered by promoter oxides of calcium and/or potassium. Complementary photoemission results indicate that atomic nitrogen is deposited in the near surface region during catalyst activation in NH3/H2-mixtures.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
P.H. Emmett and S. Brunauer, J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 56 (1934) 35.
S. Brunauer and P.H. Emmett, J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 59 (1937) 1553; 62 (1940) 1732.
G. Ertl and N. Thiele, Appl. Surface Sci. 3 (1979) 99.
D.C. Silverman and M. Boudart, J. Catal. 77 (1982) 208.
G. Ertl, D. Prigge, R. Schloegl and M. Weiss, J. Catal. 79 (1983) 359.
T. Rayment, R. Schloegl, J.M. Thomas and G. Ertl, Nature 315 (1985) 311.
W.S. Borghard and M. Boudart, J. Catal. 80 (1983) 194.
D.R. Strongin, S.R. Bare and G.A. Somorjai, J. Catal. 103 (1987) 213; 103 (1987) 289.
See for example J.C. Carver, S.M. Davis and D.A. Goetsch, Low energy ion scattering applications to catalysis, in:Catalyst Characterization Science, ACS Symp. Ser. 288 (ACS, Washington, 1985).
S.M. Davis and G.A. Somorjai, Bull. Soc. Chim. France 1985 (1985) 271.
S.M. Davis, to be reported elsewhere.
XPS atomic ratios were simply calculated by correcting the Fe(2p), Ca(2p), K(2p), and Al(2s) XPS peak areas with Scofield photoionization cross sections; J.H. Scofield, J. Electron Spec. Rel. Phen. 8 (1976) 129.
G.C. Nelson, Sandia Laboratory Report 79-0712 (1979).
S.M. Davis, J.C. Carver and A. Wold, Surface Sci. 124 (1983) L12.
B. Poelsema, L.K. Verheij and A.L. Boers, Surface Sci. 64 (1977) 537;
T.M. Thomas, H. Neumann, A.W. Czanderna and J.R. Pitts, Surface Sci. 175 (1986) L737.
G. Ertl, M. Huber and N. Thiele, Z. Naturforsch. Teil A 34 (1979) 30; M. Grunze, F. Bozso, G. Ertl and M. Weiss, Appl. Surface Sci. 1 (1978) 24.
M. Grunze, Surface Sci. 81 (1979) 603.
K. Kishi and M.W. Roberts, Surface Sci. 62 (1977) 252.
E. Yeh, N.K. Jaggi, J.B. Butt and L.H. Schwartz, J. Catal. 91 (1985) 231.
J.A. Dumesic, H. Topsoe and M. Boudart, J. Catal. 37 (1975) 513;
M.A. Richard and T.H. Vanderspurt, J. Catal. 94 (1985) 563.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Mark Davis, S. Fused iron surface composition as measured by low energy ion scattering. Catal Lett 1, 85–92 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00772770
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00772770