Abstract
During SESAME phase I ground-based FTIR measurements were performed atEsrange near Kiruna, Sweden, from 28 January to 26 March 1994. Zenith columnamounts of ClONO2, HCl, HF, HNO3,O3, N2O, CH4, and CFC-12 werederived from solar absorption spectra. Time series of ClONO2and HCl indicate a chlorine activation at the end of January and around 1March. On 1 March a very low amount of HCl of 2.09times; 1015molec. cm-2 was detected, probably caused by a second chlorineactivation phase starting from an already decreased amount of HCl. The ratioof column amounts of HCl to ClONO2 decreased inside the vortexfrom about 1 in January to 0.4 in late March compared to values of about 2outside the vortex. Although the Arctic stratosphere was rather warm in winter1993/94 and PSCs occurred seldom, chlorine partitioning into its reservoirspecies HCl and ClONO2 changed during that winter andClONO2 is the major chlorine reservoir at the end of thewinter as in cold winters like 1991/92 and 1994/95.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Adrian, G. P., v. Clarmann, T., Fischer, H., and Oelhaf, H., 1993: Trace gas measurements with the ground-based MIPAS experiment during the arctic winters 1990 to 1992, in: S. Keevallik and O. Kärner (eds), IRS ’92: Current Problems in Atmospheric Radiation, Deepak Publishing, Hampton, p. 359.
Adrian, G. P., Baumann, M., Blumenstock, Th., Fischer, H., Friedle, A., Gerhardt, L., Maucher, G., Oelhaf, H., Scheuerpflug, W, Thomas, P., Trieschmann, O., and Wegner, A., 1994: First results of ground-based FTIR measurements of atmospheric trace gases in North Sweden and Greenland during EASOE, Geophys. Res. Lett. 21 1343.
Blumenstock, Th., Fischer, H., Friedle, A., Hase, F., Schreiber, J., and Thomas, P., 1996: Column amounts of trace gases measured by ground-based FTIR spectroscopy near Kiruna, Sweden, during winter 1994/95, Proceedings of the third European workshop on Polar stratospheric ozone, Schliersee 1995, EC–Air Pollution Research Report 56, 340.
v. Clarmann, T., RAT, 1994: A computational tool for retrieval of atmospheric trace gas profiles from infrared spectra, KfK-Rep. 5423, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH.
Echle, G., Oelhaf, H., and Wegner, A., 1992: Measurements of atmospheric parameters with MIPAS, ESA contract 9597/91/NL/SF, final report.
Engel, A., Bauer, R., Müller, R., Schmidt, U., Carslaw, K. S., Stachnik, R. A., 1997: Partitioning between chlorine reservoir species and chlorine activation on liquid aerosols deduced from observations in the Arctic winter stratosphere, J. Atmos. Chem., to appear.
Müller, K. P., Langer, M., Römke, K., Fricke, K.-H., 1996: PSCs and aerosol above Andoya during SESAME winters 1993/94 and 1994/95, Proceedings of the third European workshop on Polar stratospheric ozone, Schliersee 1995, EC–Air Pollution Research Report 56, 122.
Müller, R., Peter, T., Crutzen, P. J., Oelhaf, H., Adrian, G. P., v. Clarmann, T., Wegner, A., Schmidt, U., and Lary, D., 1994: The history of chlorine species and ozone depletion in the Arctic lower stratosphere in the EASOE winter 1991/92, Geophys. Res. Lett. 21, 1427.
Naujokat, B., Labitzke, K., Lenschow, R., Rajewski, B., Wiesner, M., and Wohlfart, R.-C., 1994: The stratospheric winter 1993/94: A winter with some minor warmings and an early final warming, Beilage zur Berliner Wetterkarte, 81/94, SO 24/94.
Oelhaf, H., v. Clarmann, T., Fischer, H., Friedl-Vallon, F., Fritzsche, Ch., Linden, A., Piesch, Ch., Seefeldner, M., and Völker, W., 1994: Stratospheric ClONO2 and HNO3 profiles inside the arctic vortex from MIPAS-B limb emission spectra obtained during EASOE, Geophys. Res. Lett. 21, 1263.
Otten, C., Wagner, T., Ferlemann, F., and Platt, U., 1996: Results of the ground-based DOAS UVvisible measurements at Kiruna (Sweden) during the SESAME campaign, Proc. the Third European Workshop on Polar Stratospheric Ozone, Schliersee 1995, EC–Air Pollution Research Report 56, 344.
Toon, G. C., Farmer, C. B., Schaper, P.W., Lowes, L. L., Norton, R. H., Schoeberl, M. R., Lait, L. R., and Newman, P. A., 1992: Evidence for subsidence in the 1989 Arctic winter stratosphere from airborne infrared composition measurements, J. Geophys. Res. 97, 7963.
Toumi, R., Jones, R. L., and Pyle, J. A., 1993: Stratospheric ozone depletion by ClONO2 photolysis, Nature 365, 37.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Blumenstock, T., Fisher, H., Friedle, A. et al. Column Amounts of ClONO2, HCl, HNO3, and HF from Ground-Based FTIR Measurements Made Near Kiruna, Sweden, in Late Winter 1994. Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry 26, 311–321 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005728713762
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005728713762