Abstract
SOLUTIONS of certain high molecular weight polymers have been shown to exhibit the phenomena of both early turbulence1–7 and drag reduction4,5,8 depending on whether the measurements were made under laminar flow conditions for the former case or under turbulent flow conditions for the latter. In general, early turbulence has been observed only in capillary tube flows while drag reduction has been observed in a variety of flow geometries, the only requirement being a developing or developed turbulent flow field.
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HANSEN, R., LITTLE, R. Early turbulence and drag reduction phenomena in larger pipes. Nature 252, 690 (1974). https://doi.org/10.1038/252690a0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/252690a0
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