Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Direct contact evaporation of a single two-phase bubble in a flowing immiscible liquid medium. Part I: two-phase bubble size

  • Original
  • Published:
Heat and Mass Transfer Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The evaporation of a single n-pentane drop in another warm flowing liquid (water) medium has been studied experimentally. A Perspex column with an internal diameter of 10 cm and height of 150 cm was used throughout the experiments. N-pentane liquid at its saturation temperature and warm flowing water with flow rate of 10, 20, 30 and 40 L/h were employed as the dispersed and continuous phases, respectively. The active height of the continuous phase in the column (i.e. the level of the continuous phase in the column) covered only 100 cm of the column’s height. A Photron FASTCAM high-speed camera (~ 65,000 f/s) was used to film the evaporation of the drop, while AutoCAD was used to analyse the images from the camera. The diameter ratio (diameter of growing two-phase bubble to initial drop diameter) of the two-phase bubble formed because of the evaporation of the pentane drop in direct contact with the water was measured. Also, the vaporisation ratio (x), the open angle of vapour (β), the total height for complete evaporation and the total evaporation time were measured. The effects of the continuous phase flow rate and the temperature difference between the contacting phases, in terms of Jakob number (Ja), on the measured parameters were investigated. Furthermore, a statistical model to fit the experimental data was developed. The experimental results showed that the diameter of the two-phase bubble is strongly influenced by varying the continuous phase flow rate. The final size of the evaporated vapour bubble was unaffected by the flow rate of the continuous phase, while both the total height required for complete evaporation and hence the time required was significantly influenced. A similar impact was observed for the vaporisation ratio and the open angle of vapour.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

a :

Radius of two-phase bubble (m)

D :

Diameter of two-phase bubble (m)

D o :

Initial diameter of drop (m)

d c :

Diameter of column (m)

C p :

Spesific heat of continuous phase (kJ/kg. K.)

Ja :

System Jakob number (ρcCp(Tc − Td)/ρdvhfg)

H v :

Total height required for complete evaporation (m)

h fg :

Latent heat of evaporation of dispersed phase (kJ/kg)

m :

Ratio of liquid to vapour density in the two-phase bubble (kg/m3)

N :

Constant appears in Eq. (2)

P1 :

Constant appears in Eq. (2)

Q c :

Volumetric flow rate of continuous phase (m3/s)

Re :

Reynolds number

T c :

Temperature of continuous phase (°C)

T d :

Saturation temperature of dispersed phase (°C)

U :

Velocity of continuous phase (m/s)

VR :

Ratio of vapour volume to total volume of tow-phase bubble

Vr :

Radial velocity component (m/s)

V θ :

Tangential velocity component (m/s)

x :

Vaporization ratio

β :

Half opening angle (rad)

μ c :

Dynamic viscosity of continuous phase (N. s/m2)

ρ c :

Density of continuous phase (kg/m3)

ρ dL :

Density of liquid dispersed phase (kg/m3)

ρ dv :

Density of vapour dispersed phase (kg/m3)

τ :

Dimensionless time

References

  1. Battya P, Raghavan V, Seetharamu K (1984) Parametric studies on direct contact evaporation of a drop in an immiscible liquid. Int J Heat Mass Trans 27:263–272

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Sideman S, Hirsch G, Gat Y (1965) Direct contact heat transfer with change of phase: effect of the initial drop size in three-phase heat exchangers. AICHE J 11(6):1081–1087

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Higeta K, Mori Y, Komotori K (1983) A novel direct-contact condensation pattern of vapour bubbles in an immiscible liquid. The Canad J Chem Eng 61:807–810

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Jacobs H (1988) Direct-contact heat transfer for process technologies. J Heat Trans 110:1259–1270

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Prakash CB, Pinder KL (1967) Direct contact heat transfer between two immiscible liquids during vaporization. Can J Chem Eng 45:210–220

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Adams A, Pinder K (1972) Average heat transfer coefficient during the direct evaporation of a liquid drop. Can J Chem Eng 50:707–713

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Selecki A, Gradon L (1976) Equation of motion of an expanding vapour drop in an immiscible liquid medium. Int J Heat Mass Trans 19:925–929

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Simpson HC, Beggs GC, Nazir M (1974) Evaporation of butane drops in brine. Desalination 15:11–23

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Tochitani Y, Mori Y, Komotori K (1975) Vaporization of liquid injected into an immiscible liquid through a single nozzle. Heat Mass Trans 8:249–259

    Google Scholar 

  10. Tochitani Y, Mori Y, Komotori K (1977) Vaporization of single liquid drops in an immiscible liquid. Part 1: forms and motions of vaporizing drops. Heat Mass Trans 10:51–59

    Google Scholar 

  11. Gradon L, Selecki A (1977) Evaporation of a liquid drop immersed in another immiscible liquid. Int J Heat Mass Trans 20:459–466

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  12. Sideman S, Taitel Y (1964) Direct contact heat transfer with change of phase: evaporation of drops in an immiscible liquid medium. Int J Heat Mass Trans 7:1273–1289

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Sideman S, Isenberg J (1967) Direct contact heat transfer with phase change: bubble growth in three phase systems. Desalination 2:207–214

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Mokhtarzadeh MR, El-Shirbini AA (1979) A theoretical analysis of evaporating droplets in an immiscible liquid. Int J Heat Mass Trans 22:27–38

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  15. Wanchoo RK, Raina GK, Savyasachi TV (1993) Evaporation of a two-phase drop in a immiscible liquid: a parametric stud. Heat Recovery System, and CHP 12(2):105–111

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Mahood HB (2008) Direct-contact heat transfer of a single volatile liquid drop evaporation in an immiscible liquid. Desalination 222(1):656–665

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Kulkarni A, Ranade N (2013) Direct contact heat transfer via injecting volatile liquid in a hot liquid pool: generation and motion of bubbles. Chem Eng Sci 100:421–432

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Raina GK, Wanchoo RK, Grover K (1984) Direct contact heat transfer with phase change: motion of evaporating droplets. AICHE J 30(5):835–837

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Raina GK, Grover K (1982) Direct contact heat transfer with change of phase: theoretical model. AICHE J 28(3):515–517

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Raina GK, Grover K (1985) Direct contact heat transfer with change of phase: theoretical model incorporating sloshing effect. AICHE J 31(3):507–510

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Raina GK, Grover K (1988) Direct contact heat transfer with change of phase: experimental technique. AICHE J 34(8):1376–1380

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Wanchoo RK, Raina GK (1987) Motion of two-phase bubble through a quiescent liquid. The Can J Chem Eng 65(5):716–722

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Pinder KL (1980) Surface area prediction for system two phase drops in an immiscible liquid. The Can J Chem Eng 58:318–324

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Mahood HB, Campbell AN, Thorpe RB, Sharif AO (2015) Heat transfer efficiency and capital cost evaluation of a three-phase direct contact heat exchanger for the utilisation of low-grade energy sources. Energy Conv Mang 106:101–109

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Baqir AS, Mahood HB, Hameed MS, Campbell AN (2016) Heat transfer measurement in a three-phase spray column direct contact heat exchanger for utilisation in energy recovery from low-grade sources. Eneg Conv Mang 126:342–351

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Mahood HB, Campbell AN, Thorpe RB, Sharif AO (2018) Measuring the overall volumetric heat transfer coefficient in a vapor-liquid–liquid three-phase direct contact heat exchanger. Heat Trans Eng 39(3):208–216

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Mahood HB, Campbell AN, Baqir AS, Sharif AO, Thorp RB (2018) Convective heat transfer measurements in a vapour-liquid-liquid three-phase direct contact heat exchanger. Heat Mass Trans 54:1697–1705

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK

    Hameed B. Mahood & Alasdair N. Campbell

  2. Engineering Technical College, Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University, Al-Najaf, 31001, Iraq

    Ali Sh. Baqir

  3. Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, Baghdad, Iraq

    Al-Dunainawi Yousif

  4. Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Diyala, Diyala, 32001, Iraq

    Anees A. Khadom

Authors
  1. Hameed B. Mahood
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ali Sh. Baqir
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Al-Dunainawi Yousif
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Anees A. Khadom
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Alasdair N. Campbell
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hameed B. Mahood.

Additional information

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Mahood, H.B., Baqir, A.S., Yousif, AD. et al. Direct contact evaporation of a single two-phase bubble in a flowing immiscible liquid medium. Part I: two-phase bubble size. Heat Mass Transfer 55, 2593–2603 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-019-02606-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-019-02606-0

Search

Navigation