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  • Articles  (12,417)
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  • Articles  (12,417)
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  • 1
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    Heart failure research in China: current status and future direction (2016)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2016-12-06
    Description: Heart failure is a major public health problem worldwide. Despite advances in the therapy and care of heart failure, morbidity and mortality remain persistently high. Recent years have witnessed major breakthroughs in the investigations of pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment of heart failure in China. It is noteworthy that the continuing and growing support from funding agencies in China including the National Natural Science Foundation of China has yielded substantial effects on the basic and clinical research in heart failure in the last decade. In this review, we provide an update on the current status of heart failure research, both basic and translational/clinical, in China, including funding and publications. We also discuss the future challenges and possible strategies in improving our understanding and management of heart failure in China.
    Print ISSN: 1001-6538
    Electronic ISSN: 1861-9541
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Springer
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  • 2
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    Altered relationship between thickness and intrinsic activity amplitude in generalized tonic–clonic seizures (2016)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2016-12-06
    Description: A thinner cortex has higher potential for binding GABA receptor A which is associated with larger amplitudes of intrinsic brain activity (iBA). However, the relationship between cortical thickness and iBA is unknown in intact and epileptic brains. To this end, we investigated the relationship between cortical thickness measured by high-resolution MRI and surface-based iBA derived from resting-state functional MRI in normal controls ( n  = 82) and patients with generalized tonic–clonic seizures (GTCS) only ( n  = 82). We demonstrated that the spatial distribution of cortical thickness negatively correlated with surface-based iBA amplitude at both whole-brain and within independent brain functional networks. In GTCS patients, spatial coupling between thickness and iBA amplitude decreased in the default mode, dorsal attention, and somatomotor networks. In addition, the vertex-wise across-subject thickness–iBA amplitude correspondence altered in the frontal and temporal lobes as well as in the precuneus in GTCS patients. The relationship between these two modalities can serve as a brain-based marker for detecting epileptogenic changes.
    Print ISSN: 1001-6538
    Electronic ISSN: 1861-9541
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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  • 3
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    Segregation between the parietal memory network and the default mode network: effects of spatial smoothing and model order in ICA (2016)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2016-12-06
    Description: A brain network consisting of two key parietal nodes, the precuneus and the posterior cingulate cortex, has emerged from recent fMRI studies. Though it is anatomically adjacent to and spatially overlaps with the default mode network (DMN), its function has been associated with memory processing, and it has been referred to as the parietal memory network (PMN). Independent component analysis (ICA) is the most common data-driven method used to extract PMN and DMN simultaneously. However, the effects of data preprocessing and parameter determination in ICA on PMN–DMN segregation are completely unknown. Here, we employ three typical algorithms of group ICA to assess how spatial smoothing and model order influence the degree of PMN–DMN segregation. Our findings indicate that PMN and DMN can only be stably separated using a combination of low-level spatial smoothing and high model order across the three ICA algorithms. We thus argue for more considerations on parametric settings for interpreting DMN data.
    Print ISSN: 1001-6538
    Electronic ISSN: 1861-9541
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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  • 4
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    Painting and visual information processing (2016)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2016-12-05
    Print ISSN: 1001-6538
    Electronic ISSN: 1861-9541
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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  • 5
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    Brain activity in Parkinson’s disease patients with mild cognitive impairment (2016)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2016-12-05
    Description: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is common in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), yet the underlying neural mechanisms of this disease state remain unclear. We investigated alterations in the spontaneous brain activity of PD patients with MCI (PD-MCI) relative to cognitively normal PD patients (PD-CN) and healthy control (HC) subjects. In this work, 13 PD-MCI patients, 16 PD-CN patients, and 16 HC subjects completed resting state functional MRI. Spontaneous brain activity was measured by calculating amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (ALFF) values across the whole brain. Between-group differences and correlations between ALFF values and cognitive test scores were analyzed. ALFF values decreased in the right superior temporal gyrus and increased in the left middle temporal gyrus and left superior frontal gyrus of PD-MCI patients compared with PD-CN patients. In the PD-MCI group, ALFF values in the left middle temporal gyrus were negatively correlated with Montreal Cognitive Assessment and vocabulary test scores, and the ALFF values in the left superior frontal gyrus were negatively correlated with vocabulary test scores. Our study demonstrates that PD-MCI is associated with abnormal spontaneous brain activity in the temporal and frontal lobes. These findings inform the underlying neural mechanism of cognitive impairment in PD.
    Print ISSN: 1001-6538
    Electronic ISSN: 1861-9541
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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  • 6
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    Mapping the human brain function in vivo (2016)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2016-12-05
    Print ISSN: 1001-6538
    Electronic ISSN: 1861-9541
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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  • 7
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    Toward accurate accounting of ecosystem carbon stock in China’s forests (2016)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2016-12-05
    Print ISSN: 1001-6538
    Electronic ISSN: 1861-9541
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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  • 8
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    Major advances in microbeam analytical techniques and their applications in Earth Science (2016)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2016-12-02
    Print ISSN: 1001-6538
    Electronic ISSN: 1861-9541
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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  • 9
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    Activating transcription factor 5 regulates lipid metabolism in adipocytes (2016)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2016-12-02
    Description: Activating transcription factor 5 (ATF5) is a member of the activating transcription factor/cAMP response element binding protein (ATF/CREB) family, and is highly expressed in liver and adipose tissue. Previous reports have shown that ATF5 promoted 3T3-L1 preadipocytes differentiation. In this study, we found that ATF5 was highly expressed in mature adipocytes, suggesting a potential role of ATF5 in mature adipocytes, which has not been reported previously. To understand the function of ATF5 in mature adipocytes, we knocked down the expression of ATF5 in 3T3-L1 mature adipocytes and observed decreased lipid droplets. Consistent with the in vitro experiment, the knockdown of ATF5 in white adipose tissue led to less adipose tissue and smaller adipocytes size. Further research revealed that the inhibition of ATF5 diminished the adipocytes size via the inhibition of fatty acid synthetase, stearyl coenzyme A desaturation enzyme 1, and the induction of carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1, one key enzyme of lipid metabolism. In addition, ATF5 knockdown in inguinal white adipose tissue improved whole body insulin sensitivity. Our work provides a new understanding of ATF5 function in mature adipocytes and a potential therapeutic target of diabetes.
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    Electronic ISSN: 1861-9541
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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  • 10
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    Hepatitis C: a successful story of cure (2016)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2016-12-01
    Print ISSN: 1001-6538
    Electronic ISSN: 1861-9541
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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