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  • Articles  (227)
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  • Articles  (227)
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  • 1
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    Unknown
    Observations of Unexpected Short-Term Heating in the Uppermost Layer of the Dead Sea after a Sharp Decrease in Solar Radiation (2017)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-01-01
    Description: The Dead Sea is one of the saltiest bodies of water in the world. Observational evidence has been obtained of unexpected short-term water heating in the 2 m uppermost layer of this hypersaline lake, following a sharp drop in solar radiation under weak winds. This was carried out using Dead Sea buoy measurements. Passing frontal cloudiness mixed with significant dust pollution over the Judean Mountains and the Dead Sea, which occurred on March 22, 2013, led to a dramatic drop in noon solar radiation from 860 W m−2 to 50 W m−2. This drop in solar radiation caused a short-term (1-hour) pronounced temperature rise in the uppermost layer of the sea down to 2 m depth. After the sharp drop in noon solar radiation, in the absence of water mixing, buoy measurements showed that the temperature rise in the uppermost layer of the Dead Sea took place for a shorter time and was more pronounced than the temperature rise under the regular diurnal solar cycle. The water heating could be explained by gravitational instability in the skin-surface layer, when the warm surface water with the increased salinity and density submerged, thereby increasing temperature in the layers below.
    Print ISSN: 1687-9406
    Electronic ISSN: 1687-9414
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Hindawi
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  • 2
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    Evidence of Sperm Storage in Nursehound (Scyliorhinus stellaris, Linnaeus 1758): Juveniles Husbandry and Tagging Program (2016)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-08-16
    Description: Nursehound, Scyliorhinus stellaris (Linnaeus 1758), is a shark of the Scyliorhinidae family, close to the Scyliorhinus canicula (Linnaeus 1758), frequently hosted in public aquaria. Information on biology and ecology is deficiently available regarding this species of sharks. In the Mediterranean basin, they are occasional rare and vulnerable species (Serena, 2005). In 2003 a female specimen of Scyliorhinus stellaris, 90 cm long, fished in the Tyrrhenian Sea was transferred to Tuscany Argentario Mediterranean Aquarium and placed in a 20.000 L tank. The female laid 42 eggs and juveniles were born on 2004 and 2005. They were transferred to the aquarium laboratory in order to get standard protocol for correct juveniles husbandry. After a total of 18-month observations, some of them were tagged and let free on 2006. To collect data about nursehound shark needs in terms of feeding and growing in captivity, especially during the first life years, is a necessary and fundamental step in order to develop a Mediterranean program of tagging and study in the field of conservation policy proposal. Husbandry protocol for this species’ juveniles was developed in this study. This is the first reported case of a nursehound storing sperm for 2 years, in captivity (Pratt, 1993; Hamlett et al., 2002; Awruch, 2007).
    Print ISSN: 1687-9406
    Electronic ISSN: 1687-9414
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 3
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    First Record of the Pink Lipped Moray Eel, Echidna rhodochilus (Bleeker 1863) (Family: Muraenidae), from Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India (2016)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-08-05
    Description: The paper is the first record of the occurrence of the Pink Lipped Moray Eel, Echidna rhodochilus (Bleeker 1863), from India. The current specimen was caught from the mangrove creeks of Carbyn’s Cove, South Andaman. This species is known so far from Western Pacific and southeastern Indian Ocean up to Australia and Indonesia. The present study indicates that there are more studies to be conducted on the ichthyofauna of these islands for a better understanding of the biodiversity of this area.
    Print ISSN: 1687-9406
    Electronic ISSN: 1687-9414
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 4
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    Island Modeling Using Unstructured Grid during a Tropical Storm (2016)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-02-16
    Description: The coastal wave dynamics of Agatti island situated on a coral atoll in Lakshadweep, India, having a notable topographic feature of steeper eastern shore over the western shore, is analysed in this study. A multinested model setup is generated using the global third-generation models WAM (Wave Modeling) and SWAN (Simulating Waves Nearshore). A high resolution unstructured grid is generated for the domain containing the island using SMS (Surface-Water Modeling System) interpolated with merged GEBCO (General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans) and SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission) bathymetry. The SWAN model is integrated with a fine resolution of one minute by one minute during the tropical storm 01A (05–10 June 2004) which passed near the island. Model simulated significant wave height data when validated against satellite observations exhibited high accuracy. SWH (significant wave height) is observed to be greater for the west coast than that over the east coast of the island due to steeper eastern shore and there is widespread wave energy dissipation along the southwest direction of wave propagation during normal conditions. The one-dimensional energy density spectra generated during the storm period exhibit multimodality with structured and unstructured grids.
    Print ISSN: 1687-9406
    Electronic ISSN: 1687-9414
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 5
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    Simulation of Sediment Discharges during an Outfall Dredging Operation (2016)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-02-09
    Description: CORMIX-GTS simulations are carried out to study suspended muddy sediment plumes following the discharge of the spoils taken from the seabed during a marine outfall pipeline dredging operation. Single port discharges are considered at three different locations at 400 m, 800 m, and 1200 m from the shoreline with water depths ranging from 3.5 m to 10.5 m. For discharges in the shallow near-shore region at 400 m offshore, most of the dredge materials are deposited at the seabed and the simulated suspended sediment plumes are found to be carrying a concentration of less than 1 kg/m3 of mainly fine silt and clay. For discharges in the deeper far-shore region at 1200 m offshore, the sediment plumes are more elongated and carrying a concentration of more than 3 kg/m3. Iterative simulations are also conducted to analyse the inherent uncertainty in the input data by varying the ambient velocity and the port’s horizontal angle of discharge.
    Print ISSN: 1687-9406
    Electronic ISSN: 1687-9414
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 6
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Evidence of Sperm Storage in Nursehound (Scyliorhinus stellaris, Linnaeus 1758): Juveniles Husbandry and Tagging Program (2016)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-01-01
    Description: Nursehound, Scyliorhinus stellaris (Linnaeus 1758), is a shark of the Scyliorhinidae family, close to the Scyliorhinus canicula (Linnaeus 1758), frequently hosted in public aquaria. Information on biology and ecology is deficiently available regarding this species of sharks. In the Mediterranean basin, they are occasional rare and vulnerable species (Serena, 2005). In 2003 a female specimen of Scyliorhinus stellaris, 90 cm long, fished in the Tyrrhenian Sea was transferred to Tuscany Argentario Mediterranean Aquarium and placed in a 20.000 L tank. The female laid 42 eggs and juveniles were born on 2004 and 2005. They were transferred to the aquarium laboratory in order to get standard protocol for correct juveniles husbandry. After a total of 18-month observations, some of them were tagged and let free on 2006. To collect data about nursehound shark needs in terms of feeding and growing in captivity, especially during the first life years, is a necessary and fundamental step in order to develop a Mediterranean program of tagging and study in the field of conservation policy proposal. Husbandry protocol for this species’ juveniles was developed in this study. This is the first reported case of a nursehound storing sperm for 2 years, in captivity (Pratt, 1993; Hamlett et al., 2002; Awruch, 2007).
    Print ISSN: 1687-9406
    Electronic ISSN: 1687-9414
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Hindawi
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  • 7
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    First Record of the Pink Lipped Moray Eel,Echidna rhodochilus(Bleeker 1863) (Family: Muraenidae), from Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India (2016)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-01-01
    Description: The paper is the first record of the occurrence of the Pink Lipped Moray Eel,Echidna rhodochilus(Bleeker 1863), from India. The current specimen was caught from the mangrove creeks of Carbyn’s Cove, South Andaman. This species is known so far from Western Pacific and southeastern Indian Ocean up to Australia and Indonesia. The present study indicates that there are more studies to be conducted on the ichthyofauna of these islands for a better understanding of the biodiversity of this area.
    Print ISSN: 1687-9406
    Electronic ISSN: 1687-9414
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Hindawi
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  • 8
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Island Modeling Using Unstructured Grid during a Tropical Storm (2016)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-01-01
    Description: The coastal wave dynamics of Agatti island situated on a coral atoll in Lakshadweep, India, having a notable topographic feature of steeper eastern shore over the western shore, is analysed in this study. A multinested model setup is generated using the global third-generation models WAM (Wave Modeling) and SWAN (Simulating Waves Nearshore). A high resolution unstructured grid is generated for the domain containing the island using SMS (Surface-Water Modeling System) interpolated with merged GEBCO (General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans) and SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission) bathymetry. The SWAN model is integrated with a fine resolution of one minute by one minute during the tropical storm 01A (05–10 June 2004) which passed near the island. Model simulated significant wave height data when validated against satellite observations exhibited high accuracy. SWH (significant wave height) is observed to be greater for the west coast than that over the east coast of the island due to steeper eastern shore and there is widespread wave energy dissipation along the southwest direction of wave propagation during normal conditions. The one-dimensional energy density spectra generated during the storm period exhibit multimodality with structured and unstructured grids.
    Print ISSN: 1687-9406
    Electronic ISSN: 1687-9414
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Hindawi
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  • 9
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Simulation of Sediment Discharges during an Outfall Dredging Operation (2016)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-01-01
    Description: CORMIX-GTS simulations are carried out to study suspended muddy sediment plumes following the discharge of the spoils taken from the seabed during a marine outfall pipeline dredging operation. Single port discharges are considered at three different locations at 400 m, 800 m, and 1200 m from the shoreline with water depths ranging from 3.5 m to 10.5 m. For discharges in the shallow near-shore region at 400 m offshore, most of the dredge materials are deposited at the seabed and the simulated suspended sediment plumes are found to be carrying a concentration of less than 1 kg/m3 of mainly fine silt and clay. For discharges in the deeper far-shore region at 1200 m offshore, the sediment plumes are more elongated and carrying a concentration of more than 3 kg/m3. Iterative simulations are also conducted to analyse the inherent uncertainty in the input data by varying the ambient velocity and the port’s horizontal angle of discharge.
    Print ISSN: 1687-9406
    Electronic ISSN: 1687-9414
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 10
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    Unknown
    Effects of Noise and Absorption on High Frequency Measurements of Acoustic-Backscatter from Fish (2015)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-11-02
    Description: Quantitative echosounders operating at multiple frequencies (e.g., 18, 38, 70, 120, 200, 333, and 710 kHz) are often used to observe fish and zooplankton and identify their species. At frequencies above 100 kHz, the absorption attenuation increases rapidly and decreases the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Also, incomplete compensation for the attenuation may result in measurement error. This paper addresses the effects of the attenuation and noise on high frequency measurements of acoustic backscatter from fish. It is shown that measurements of a fish with target strength of −40 dB at 200 m depth are limited by SNR to frequencies up to about 100 kHz. Above 100 kHz, absorption coefficients must be matched to local environmental conditions.
    Print ISSN: 1687-9406
    Electronic ISSN: 1687-9414
    Topics: Geosciences
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