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  • 1
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Cambridge : Cambridge Univ. Press
    Call number: 13/M 99.0115 ; PIK N453-00-0549 ; AWI S1-98-0188
    Description / Table of Contents: The movement of oceanic water has important consequences for a variety of applications, such as climate change, sealevel change, biological productivity, weather forecasting, and many others. This book addresses the problem of inferring the state of the ocean circulation, understanding it dynamically, and even forecasting it through a quantitative combination of theory and observation. It focuses on so-called inverse methods and related methods of statistical inference. Both time-independent and time-dependent problems are considered, including Gauss-Markov estimation, sequential estimators, and adjoint / Pontryagin principle methods. This book is intended for use as a graduate-level text for students of oceanography and other related fields. It will also be of interest to working physical ocanographers.
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: xiv, 442 S. , graph. Darst., Kt.
    Edition: 1. publ.
    ISBN: 0521480906
    Classification:
    Oceanology
    Language: English
    Note: Contents: Preface. - Notation. - 1 Introduction. - 1.1 Background. - 1.2 What is an inverse problem?. - 1.3 What's here. - 2 Physics of the ocean circulation. - 2.1 Basic physical elements. - 2.2 Observations. - 2.3 The classical problem. - 2.4 Hidaka's problem and the algebraic formulation. - 2.5 The absolute velocity problem in retrospect. - 3 Basic machinery. - 3.1 Matrix and vector algebra. - 3.2 Simple statistics; regression. - 3.3 Least squares. - 3.4 The singular vector expansion. - 3.5 Using a steady model-combined least squares and adjoints. - 3.6 Gauss-Markov estimation, mapmaking, and more simultaneous equations. - 3.7 Improving solutions recursively. - 3.8 Estimation from linear constraints - a summary. - 4 The steady ocean circulation inverse problem. - 4.1 Choosing a model. - 4.2 The initial reference level. - 4.3 Simple examples. - 4.4 Property fluxes. - 4.5 Application to real data sets. - 4.6 Climatologies and box models. - 4.7 The β-spiral and variant methods. - 5 Additional useful methods. - 5.1 Inequality constraints; nonnegative least squares. - 5.2 Linear programming and eclectic models. - 5.3 Quantifying water mass; empirical orthogonal functions. - 5.4 Kriging and other variants of Gauss-Markov estimation. - 5.5 Nonlinear problems. - 6 The time-dependent inverse problem. - 6.1 Some basic ideas and notation. - 6.2 Estimation. - 6.3 Control problems: Pontryagin principle and adjoint methods. - 6.4 Duality and simplification: steady-state filter and adjoint. - 6.5 Controllability and observability. - 6.6 Nonlinear models. - 6.7 Assimilation. - 6.8 Other minimization methods and the search for practicality. - 6.9 Forward models. - 6.10 A last word. - References. - Author Index. - Subject Index.
    Location: Reading room
    Location: Reading room
    Location: Reading room
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
    Branch Library: PIK Library
    Branch Library: AWI Library
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 26 (1998), S. 219-253 
    ISSN: 0084-6597
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract For technical reasons, the general circulation of the ocean has historically been treated as a steady, laminar flow field. The recent availability of extremely high-accuracy and high-precision satellite altimetry has provided a graphic demonstration that the ocean is actually a rapidly time-evolving turbulent flow field. To render the observations quantitatively useful for oceanographic purposes has required order of magnitude improvements in a number of fields, including orbit dynamics, gravity field estimation, and atmospheric variability. With five years of very high-quality data now available, the nature of oceanic variability on all space and time scales is emerging, including new findings about such diverse and important phenomena as mixing coefficients, the frequency/wavenumber spectrum, and turbulent cascades. Because the surface elevation is both a cause and consequence of motions deep within the water column, oceanographers soon will be able to provide general circulation numerical models tested against and then combined with the altimeter data. These will be complete three-dimensional time-evolving estimates of the ocean circulation, permitting greatly improved estimates of oceanic heat, carbon, and other property fluxes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 434 (2005), S. 491-494 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The 100,000-year timescale in the glacial/interglacial cycles of the late Pleistocene epoch (the past ∼700,000 years) is commonly attributed to control by variations in the Earth's orbit. This hypothesis has inspired models that depend on the Earth's obliquity (∼ ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 405 (2000), S. 743-744 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The Moon is receding from the Earth at about 4 centimetres a year, as measured by laser reflectors left there by astronauts. What does this motion have to do with the ocean circulation? By Kepler's laws, the recession implies that there is a continuing loss of energy in the Earth–Moon ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 428 (2004), S. 601-601 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Sir Your News story “Gulf Stream probed for early warnings of system failure” (Nature 427, 769; 200410.1038/427769a) discusses what the climate in the south of England would be like “without the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 385 (1997), S. 618-621 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The ocean fluctuates on a wide range of spatial and temporal scales4. The measured potential-energy spectrum of the circulation is mostly 'red', that is, the energy density increases with increasing spatial and temporal scales, but with a marked peak at the annual cycle. However, the kinetic-energy ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 382 (1996), S. 436-439 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The data (temperature, salinity, oxygen and nutrient measurements along 23 hydrographic sections; Fig. 1) are combined using an inverse box model technique9 to estimate the flow field. The model (Box 1) is represented by a set of noisy, under-determined linear simultaneous equations (993 equations ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 408 (2000), S. 453-457 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Through its ability to transport large amounts of heat, fresh water and nutrients, the ocean is an essential regulator of climate. The pathways and mechanisms of this transport and its stability are critical issues in understanding the present state of climate and the possibilities of ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 36 (2004), S. 281-314 
    ISSN: 0066-4189
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The coexistence in the deep ocean of a finite, stable stratification, a strong meridional overturning circulation, and mesoscale eddies raises complex questions concerning the circulation energetics. In particular, small-scale mixing processes are necessary to resupply the potential energy removed in the interior by the overturning and eddy-generating process. A number of lines of evidence, none complete, suggest that the oceanic general circulation, far from being a heat engine, is almost wholly governed by the forcing of the wind field and secondarily by deep water tides. In detail however, the budget of mechanical energy input into the ocean is poorly constrained. The now inescapable conclusion that over most of the ocean significant "vertical" mixing is confined to topographically complex boundary areas implies a potentially radically different interior circulation than is possible with uniform mixing. Whether ocean circulation models, either simple box or full numerical ones, neither explicitly accounting for the energy input into the system nor providing for spatial variability in the mixing, have any physical relevance under changed climate conditions is at issue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 307 (1984), S. 447-450 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] To make a direct comparison of temperature in the two investigations, we have interpolated the data to common locations (excluding segments at the ends where the lines did not coincide). A fine mesh was generated (grid points over 40m vertically and every 10 km horizontally) using the technique of ...
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