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  • 1
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    On the importance of cavity-length and heat dissipation in GaN-based vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (2015)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-04-16
    Description: Cavity-length dependence of the property of optically pumped GaN-based vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) with two dielectric distributed Bragg reflectors was investigated. The cavity lengths were well controlled by employing etching with inductively coupled plasma and chemical mechanical polishing. It was found that the lasing characteristics including threshold, slope efficiency and spontaneous emission coupling factor were substantially improved with reducing the cavity length. In comparison with the device pumped by a 400 nm pulsed laser, the lasing spectrum was featured by a red shift and simultaneous broadening with increasing the pumping energy of a 355 nm pulsed laser. Moreover, the lasing threshold was much higher when pumped by a 355 nm pulsed laser. These were explained by taking into account of the significant heating effect under 355 nm pumping. Our results demonstrate that a short cavity length and good heat-dissipation are essential to GaN-based VCSELs. Scientific Reports 5 doi: 10.1038/srep09600
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-2322
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 2
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    Prediction of solute transport in a heterogeneous aquifer utilizing hydraulic conductivity and specific storage tomograms (2015)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2015-06-18
    Description: A sequential procedure of hydraulic tomographical inversion is applied to characterize at high resolution the spatial heterogeneity of hydraulic conductivity and specific storage at the field test site Stegemühle, Germany. The shallow aquifer at this site is examined by five short- term multi-level pumping tests with 30 pumping-observation pairs between two wells. Utilizing travel time diagnostics of the recorded pressure response curves, fast eikonal based inversion is shown to deliver insight into the sedimentary structures. Thus, the structural information from the generated travel time tomogram is exploited to constrain full calibration of the pressure response curves. Based on lateral extrapolation from the measured inter-well profile, a three-dimensional reconstruction of the aquifer is obtained. It is demonstrated that calibration of spatially variable specific storage in addition to hydraulic conductivity can improve the fitting of the model while the structural features are only slightly changed. At the field site, two tracer tests with uranine and sodium-naphthionate were also performed and their concentrations were monitored for two months. The measured tracer breakthrough curves are employed for independent validation of the hydraulic tomographical reconstruction. It is demonstrated that major features of the observed solute transport can be reproduced, and structures relevant for macro-dispersive tracer spreading could be resolved. However, for the mildly heterogeneous aquifer, the tracer breakthrough curves can also be approximated by a simplified homogeneous model with higher dispersivity. Therefore improved validation results that capture specific characteristics of the breakthrough curves would require additional hydraulic measurements. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0043-1397
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-7973
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 3
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    Zic3 is required in the extra-cardiac perinodal region of the lateral plate mesoderm for left-right patterning and heart development (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-02-02
    Description: Mutations in ZIC3 cause human X-linked heterotaxy and isolated cardiovascular malformations. A mouse model with targeted deletion of Zic3 demonstrates an early role for Zic3 in gastrulation, CNS, cardiac and left–right axial development. The observation of multiple malformations in Zic3 null mice and the relatively broad expression pattern of Zic3 suggest its important roles in multiple developmental processes. Here, we report that Zic3 is primarily required in epiblast derivatives to affect left–right patterning and its expression in epiblast is necessary for proper transcriptional control of embryonic cardiac development. However, cardiac malformations in Zic3 deficiency occur not because Zic3 is intrinsically required in the heart but rather because it functions early in the establishment of left–right body axis. In addition, we provide evidence supporting a role for Zic3 specifically in the perinodal region of the posterior lateral plate mesoderm for the establishment of laterality. These data delineate the spatial requirement of Zic3 during left–right patterning in the mammalian embryo, and provide basis for further understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the complex interaction of Zic3 with signaling pathways involved in the early establishment of laterality.
    Print ISSN: 0964-6906
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2083
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 4
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    Specificity and affinity quantification of protein-protein interactions (2013)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2013-04-25
    Description: Motivation: Most biological processes are mediated by the protein–protein interactions. Determination of the protein–protein structures and insight into their interactions are vital to understand the mechanisms of protein functions. Currently, compared with the isolated protein structures, only a small fraction of protein–protein structures are experimentally solved. Therefore, the computational docking methods play an increasing role in predicting the structures and interactions of protein–protein complexes. The scoring function of protein–protein interactions is the key responsible for the accuracy of the computational docking. Previous scoring functions were mostly developed by optimizing the binding affinity which determines the stability of the protein–protein complex, but they are often lack of the consideration of specificity which determines the discrimination of native protein–protein complex against competitive ones. Results: We developed a scoring function (named as SPA-PP, specificity and affinity of the protein–protein interactions) by incorporating both the specificity and affinity into the optimization strategy. The testing results and comparisons with other scoring functions show that SPA-PP performs remarkably on both predictions of binding pose and binding affinity. Thus, SPA-PP is a promising quantification of protein–protein interactions, which can be implemented into the protein docking tools and applied for the predictions of protein–protein structure and affinity. Availability: The algorithm is implemented in C language, and the code can be downloaded from http://dl.dropbox.com/u/1865642/Optimization.cpp . Contact: jin.wang.1@stonybrook.edu Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
    Print ISSN: 1367-4803
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2059
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 5
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    Bragg gravity-gradiometer using the 1 S 0 – 3 P 1 intercombination transition of 88 Sr (2018)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2018-04-13
    Description: We present a gradiometer based on matter-wave interference of alkaline-earth-metal atoms, namely 88 Sr. The coherent manipulation of the atomic external degrees of freedom is obtained by large-momentum-transfer Bragg diffraction, driven by laser fields detuned away from the narrow 1 S 0 – 3 P 1 intercombination transition. We use a well-controlled artificial gradient, realized by changing the relative frequencies of the Bragg pulses during the interferometer sequence, in order to characterize the sensitivity of the gradiometer. The sensitivity reaches 1.5 × 10 −5 s −2 for an interferometer time of 20 ms, limited only by geometrical constraints. We observed extremely low sensitivity of the gradiometric phase to magnetic field gradients, approaching a value 10 4 times lower than the sensitivity of alkali-atom based gradiometers, limited by the interferometer sensitivity. An efficient double-launch techni...
    Electronic ISSN: 1367-2630
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 6
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    Static and dynamic signatures of anisotropic electronic phase separation in ${\mathrm{La}}_{2/3}{\mathrm{Ca}}_{1/3}\mathrm{Mn}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ thin films under anisotropic strain (2018)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-26
    Description: Author(s): L. Hu, L. Q. Yu, P. Xiong, X. L. Wang, J. H. Zhao, L. F. Wang, Z. Huang, and W. B. Wu The electronic phase separation (EPS) of optimally doped La 2 / 3 Ca 1 / 3 Mn O 3 (LCMO) thin films under various degrees of anisotropic strain is investigated by static magnetotransport and dynamic relaxation measurements. Three LCMO films were grown simultaneously on (001) NdGa O 3 substrates by pulsed laser ... [Phys. Rev. B 97, 214428] Published Mon Jun 25, 2018
    Keywords: Magnetism
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 7
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    Landscape theory of neural networks [Biophysics and Computational Biology] (2013)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-11-06
    Description: The brain map project aims to map out the neuron connections of the human brain. Even with all of the wirings mapped out, the global and physical understandings of the function and behavior are still challenging. Hopfield quantified the learning and memory process of symmetrically connected neural networks globally through...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 8
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    Sieve maximum likelihood regression analysis of dependent current status data (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-21
    Description: Current status data occur in contexts including demographic studies and tumorigenicity experiments. In such cases, each subject is observed only once and the failure time of interest is either left- or right-censored (Kalbfleisch & Prentice, 2002). Many methods have been developed for the analysis of such data (Huang, 1996; Sun, 2006), most of which assume that the failure time and the observation time are independent completely or given covariates. In this paper, we present a sieve maximum likelihood approach for current status data when independence does not hold. A copula model and monotone I-splines are used and the asymptotic properties of the resulting estimators are established. In particular, the estimated regression parameters are shown to be semiparametrically efficient. An illustrative example is provided.
    Print ISSN: 0006-3444
    Electronic ISSN: 1464-3510
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics , Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 9
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    Historic distribution and driving factors of human-caused fires in the Chinese boreal forest between 1972 and 2005 (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-09-17
    Description: Aims The pattern and driving factors of forest fires are of interest for fire occurrence prediction and forest fire management. The aims of the study were: (i) to describe the history of human-caused fires by season and size of burned area over time; (ii) to identify the spatial patterns of human-caused fires and test for the existence of ‘hotspots’ to determine their exact locations in the Daxing’an Mountains; (iii) to determine the driving factors that determine the spatial distribution and the possibility of human-caused fire occurrence. Methods In this study, K -function and Kernel density estimation were used to analyze the spatial pattern of human-caused fires. The analysis was conducted in S-plus and ArcGIS environments, respectively. The analysis of driving factors was performed in SPSS 19.0 based on a logistic regression model. The variables used to identify factors that influence fire occurrence included vegetation types, meteorological conditions, socioeconomic factors, topography and infrastructure factors, which were extracted and collected through the spatial analysis mode of ArcGIS and from official statistics, respectively. Important Findings The annual number of human-caused fires and the area burnt have declined since 1987 due to the implementation of a forest fire protection act. There were significant spatial heterogeneity and seasonal variations in the distribution of human-caused fires in the Daxing’an Mountains. The heterogeneity was caused by elevation, distance to the nearest railway, forest type and temperature. A logistic regression model was developed to predict the likelihood of human-caused fire occurrence in the Daxing’an Mountains; its global accuracy attained 64.8%. The model was thus comparable to other relevant studies.
    Print ISSN: 1752-993X
    Electronic ISSN: 1752-9921
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 10
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    Unraveling the storage mechanism in organic carbonyl electrodes for sodium-ion batteries (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-09-20
    Description: Organic carbonyl compounds represent a promising class of electrode materials for secondary batteries; however, the storage mechanism still remains unclear. We take Na 2 C 6 H 2 O 4 as an example to unravel the mechanism. It consists of alternating Na-O octahedral inorganic layer and -stacked benzene organic layer in spatial separation, delivering a high reversible capacity and first coulombic efficiency. The experiment and calculation results reveal that the Na-O inorganic layer provides both Na + ion transport pathway and storage site, whereas the benzene organic layer provides electron transport pathway and redox center. Our contribution provides a brand-new insight in understanding the storage mechanism in inorganic-organic layered host and opens up a new exciting direction for designing new materials for secondary batteries.
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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