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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2011-05-21
    Description: Tourists and others who are unfamiliar with an environment may be sensitive to environmental cues when choosing their walking routes. In this study, we combined inductive and deductive approaches to evaluate walkability cues. We defined a set of walkability variables by analyzing the narratives of participants, who walked along one of 19 diverse routes. These cues were then supplemented with environmental and walkability variables from Mehrabian and Russel scales (Russel et al., 1981) and SPACES (Pikora, 2003), resulting in a total of 48 descriptors. Using the 48 descriptors, 60 diverse photos of streetscape views were rated, and we identified 14 relevant walkability correlates. Using principal component analysis, we identified six components that best predicted walking decisions: safety from traffic, comfort of walking area, environmental appearance, activity potential, shade and exploration. These results suggest that real walkers make more finely grained walking judgments than those measured by current, conceptualized walkability scales.
    Print ISSN: 0013-9165
    Electronic ISSN: 1552-390X
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Psychology
    Published by Sage
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2012-10-24
    Description: Spinocerebellar ataxia type 6 (SCA6) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by the expansion of a polyglutamine tract in the Cav2.1 voltage-gated calcium channel. To elucidate how the expanded polyglutamine tract in this plasma membrane protein causes the disease, we created a unique knockin mouse model that modestly overexpressed the mutant...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2009-10-27
    Description: The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) mediates the adaptation of plants to environmental stresses such as drought and regulates developmental signals such as seed maturation. Within plants, the PYR/PYL/RCAR family of START proteins receives ABA to inhibit the phosphatase activity of the group-A protein phosphatases 2C (PP2Cs), which are major negative regulators in ABA signalling. Here we present the crystal structures of the ABA receptor PYL1 bound with (+)-ABA, and the complex formed by the further binding of (+)-ABA-bound PYL1 with the PP2C protein ABI1. PYL1 binds (+)-ABA using the START-protein-specific ligand-binding site, thereby forming a hydrophobic pocket on the surface of the closed lid. (+)-ABA-bound PYL1 tightly interacts with a PP2C domain of ABI1 by using the hydrophobic pocket to cover the active site of ABI1 like a plug. Our results reveal the structural basis of the mechanism of (+)-ABA-dependent inhibition of ABI1 by PYL1 in ABA signalling.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miyazono, Ken-Ichi -- Miyakawa, Takuya -- Sawano, Yoriko -- Kubota, Keiko -- Kang, Hee-Jin -- Asano, Atsuko -- Miyauchi, Yumiko -- Takahashi, Mihoko -- Zhi, Yuehua -- Fujita, Yasunari -- Yoshida, Takuya -- Kodaira, Ken-Suke -- Yamaguchi-Shinozaki, Kazuko -- Tanokura, Masaru -- England -- Nature. 2009 Dec 3;462(7273):609-14. doi: 10.1038/nature08583.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19855379" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abscisic Acid/*physiology ; Arabidopsis/*physiology ; Arabidopsis Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Binding Sites ; *Models, Molecular ; Protein Binding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Recombinant Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; *Signal Transduction
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2009-07-31
    Description: Brown adipose cells are specialized to dissipate chemical energy in the form of heat, as a physiological defence against cold and obesity. PRDM16 (PR domain containing 16) is a 140 kDa zinc finger protein that robustly induces brown fat determination and differentiation. Recent data suggests that brown fat cells arise in vivo from a Myf5-positive, myoblastic lineage by the action of PRDM16 (ref. 3); however, the molecular mechanisms responsible for this developmental switch is unclear. Here we show that PRDM16 forms a transcriptional complex with the active form of C/EBP-beta (also known as LAP), acting as a critical molecular unit that controls the cell fate switch from myoblastic precursors to brown fat cells. Forced expression of PRDM16 and C/EBP-beta is sufficient to induce a fully functional brown fat program in naive fibroblastic cells, including skin fibroblasts from mouse and man. Transplantation of fibroblasts expressing these two factors into mice gives rise to an ectopic fat pad with the morphological and biochemical characteristics of brown fat. Like endogenous brown fat, this synthetic brown fat tissue acts as a sink for glucose uptake, as determined by positron emission tomography with fluorodeoxyglucose. These data indicate that the PRDM16-C/EBP-beta complex initiates brown fat formation from myoblastic precursors, and may provide opportunities for the development of new therapeutics for obesity and type-2 diabetes.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2754867/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2754867/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kajimura, Shingo -- Seale, Patrick -- Kubota, Kazuishi -- Lunsford, Elaine -- Frangioni, John V -- Gygi, Steven P -- Spiegelman, Bruce M -- DK081605/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK31405/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- GM67945/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HG3456/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- K99 DK087853/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R37 DK031405/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R37 DK031405-28/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- S10-RR-023010/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Aug 27;460(7259):1154-8. doi: 10.1038/nature08262. Epub 2009 Jul 29.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 44 Binney Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19641492" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipose Tissue, Brown/*cytology/*metabolism ; Animals ; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-beta/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; Choristoma/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Fibroblasts/cytology/metabolism ; Glucose/metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Multiprotein Complexes ; Myoblasts/*cytology/*metabolism ; Skin/cytology ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2007-06-16
    Description: alpha-klotho was identified as a gene associated with premature aging-like phenotypes characterized by short lifespan. In mice, we found the molecular association of alpha-Klotho (alpha-Kl) and Na+,K+-adenosine triphosphatase (Na+,K+-ATPase) and provide evidence for an increase of abundance of Na+,K+-ATPase at the plasma membrane. Low concentrations of extracellular free calcium ([Ca2+]e) rapidly induce regulated parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion in an alpha-Kl- and Na+,K+-ATPase-dependent manner. The increased Na+ gradient created by Na+,K+-ATPase activity might drive the transepithelial transport of Ca2+ in cooperation with ion channels and transporters in the choroid plexus and the kidney. Our findings reveal fundamental roles of alpha-Kl in the regulation of calcium metabolism.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Imura, Akihiro -- Tsuji, Yoshihito -- Murata, Miyahiko -- Maeda, Ryota -- Kubota, Koji -- Iwano, Akiko -- Obuse, Chikashi -- Togashi, Kazuya -- Tominaga, Makoto -- Kita, Naoko -- Tomiyama, Ken-ichi -- Iijima, Junko -- Nabeshima, Yoko -- Fujioka, Makio -- Asato, Ryo -- Tanaka, Shinzo -- Kojima, Ken -- Ito, Juichi -- Nozaki, Kazuhiko -- Hashimoto, Nobuo -- Ito, Tetsufumi -- Nishio, Takeshi -- Uchiyama, Takashi -- Fujimori, Toshihiko -- Nabeshima, Yo-ichi -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 15;316(5831):1615-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17569864" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium/cerebrospinal fluid/*metabolism ; Cell Membrane/enzymology/metabolism ; Choroid Plexus/metabolism ; Cytoplasm/enzymology/metabolism ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/metabolism ; Endosomes/metabolism ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Feedback, Physiological ; Glucuronidase/genetics/metabolism/*physiology ; Golgi Apparatus/metabolism ; HeLa Cells ; *Homeostasis ; Humans ; Ion Transport ; Kidney/enzymology/metabolism ; Mice ; Ouabain/pharmacology ; Parathyroid Glands/enzymology/metabolism ; Parathyroid Hormone/secretion ; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2013-07-10
    Description: Brain injury induces phenotypic changes in astrocytes, known as reactive astrogliosis, which may influence neuronal survival. Here we show that brain injury induces inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3)-dependent Ca2+ signaling in astrocytes, and that the Ca2+ signaling is required for astrogliosis. We found that type 2 IP3 receptor knockout (IP3R2KO) mice deficient...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2012-10-17
    Description: Male infertility is most commonly caused by spermatogenic defects or insufficiencies, the majority of which are as yet cureless. Recently, we succeeded in cultivating mouse testicular tissues for producing fertile sperm from spermatogonial stem cells. Here, we show that one of the most severe types of spermatogenic defect mutant can...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 8
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    International Ocean Discovery Program
    In:  EPIC3South African Climates (Agulhas LGM Density Profile), Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program, 361, College Station, TX, International Ocean Discovery Program, ISSN: 2377-3189
    Publication Date: 2017-10-16
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Inbook , peerRev
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  • 9
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    International Ocean Discovery Program
    In:  EPIC3South African Climates (Agulhas LGM Density Profile), Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program, 361, College Station, TX, International Ocean Discovery Program, ISSN: 2377-3189
    Publication Date: 2017-10-16
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Inbook , peerRev
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  • 10
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    International Ocean Discovery Program
    In:  EPIC3South African Climates (Agulhas LGM Density Profile), Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program, 361, College Station, TX, International Ocean Discovery Program, ISSN: 2377-3189
    Publication Date: 2017-10-15
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Inbook , peerRev
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