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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of shoot architecture on hydraulic conductance in beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) (1999)
    Springer
    Trees 14 (1999), S. 39-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 0931-1890
    Keywords: Key words Crown architecture ; Hydraulic architecture ; Beech ; Fagus sylvatica L. ; Tree decline
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  Shoot hydraulic conductance was measured in beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) that had previously been exposed to high levels of nitrogen input. Whole-shoot hydraulic conductance, conductance per unit pressure gradient and leaf specific conductance were negatively correlated with the number of bud scars per unit length, a morphological parameter of tree decline. We propose a negative feedback mechanism by which stress induced alterations in shoot morphology can cause a lasting reduction of tree vigour.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004680050005
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preface (1995)
    Springer
    Agroforestry systems 31 (1995), S. 97-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00711718
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preface (1999)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 213 (1999), S. 7-7 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1017122420987
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soil solution chemistry of two reclamation sites in the Lusatian lignite mining district as influenced by organic matter application (1999)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 213 (1999), S. 231-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: compost ; fly ash ; lignite ; minesite reclamation ; sewage sludge
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Due to a large reclamation (recultivation) demand in the Lusatian lignite mining district, efficient strategies for the rehabilitation of abandoned mine sites are needed. A field study was conducted for comparing the effects of three different fertilizer treatments (mineral fertilizer, sewage sludge and compost) on soil solution chemistry of both a lignite and pyrite containing spoil as well as a lignite and pyrite free spoil. The lignite and pyrite containing spoil was ameliorated with fly ash from a lignite power plant (17–21 t ha−1 CaO), whereas the lignite and pyrite free site received 7.5 t ha−1 CaO in form of limestone. Fertilizer application rates were: mineral fertilizer 120 N, 100 P and 80 K kg ha−1. 19 t ha−1 sewage sludge and 22 t ha−1 compost were applied. Soil solution was sampled in 20, 60 and 130 cm depth for the period of 16 months. Solution was collected every fortnight and analysed for pH, EC, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Na+, Fen+, Aln+, Mn2+, Zn2+, NO3 −, NH4 +, SO4 2−, Cl−, PO4 3−, Cinorg and DOC. Lignite and pyrite containing spoil differed clearly from lignite and pyrite free spoil regarding soil solution concentrations and composition. Acidity (H+) produced by pyrite oxidation led to an enhanced weathering of minerals and, therefore, to at least 10 fold higher soil solution concentrations compared to the lignite and pyrite free site. Major ions in solution of the lignite and pyrite containing site were Ca2+, Mg2+, Fen+, Aln+ and SO4 2−, whereas soil solution at the lignite and pyrite free site was dominated by Ca2+, Mg2+ and SO4 2−. At both sites application of mineral fertilizer led to an immediate but short term (about 1 month) increase of NO3 −, NH4 + and K+ concentrations in soil solution down to a depth of 130 cm. Application of sewage sludge caused a long term (about 16 months) increase of NO3 3 − in the topsoil, whereas NO3 − concentrations in the subsoil were significantly lower compared to the mineral fertilizer plot. Compost application resulted in a strong long-term increase of K+ in soil solution, whereas NO3 − concentrations did not increase. Concentrations of PO4 3− in soil solution depend on solution pH and were not correlated with any treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004421501867
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Organic matter composition and degree of humification in lignite-rich mine soils under a chronosequence of pine (1999)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 213 (1999), S. 161-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: 14C activity ; 13C CPMAS NMR spectroscopy ; lignite ; mine soils ; soil organic matter ; wet chemical analyses
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract In the Lusatian mining district, in the eastern part of the Federal Republic of Germany, organic matter of reclaimed mine soils consists of a mixture of lignite and recently formed soil organic matter (recent carbon). The aim of the study was to investigate the recent carbon accumulation and the degree of humification of a chronosequence of young mine soils under forest. The lignite content of the forest floor, Ai (0–5 cm) and Cv horizons (1 m depth) was determined by 14CU activity measurements and the structural composition of the organic matter was characterised by 13C CPMAS NMR spectroscopy. To obtain a characterisation of the degree of humification, the soil samples were analysed for the content of polysaccharides, proteins, lignin and lipids by wet chemical methods. 14C activity measurements indicate that at the oldest site, comparable amounts of carbon accumulated in the first few centimetres of the soil profile than in natural forest soils. 13C CPMAS NMR spectra of the organic matter in the Ai horizons of the three soil profiles were dominated by aromatic and alkyl carbon species characteristic for lignite, but indicated as well an increasing contribution of carbon species from decomposing plant litter with soil age. When the results from wet chemical analyses were normalised to the total carbon content no changes with age could be noticed. After normalisation of the amount of litter compounds to the recent carbon content, the carbon identified by plant litter compound analysis decreased with increasing depth and increasing age of the soils. After 32 years the values are comparable to those of natural forest soils. These observations were confirmed by increasing degree of lignin alteration with stand age and soil depth. The data of wet chemical analyses complement data obtained by 14C activity measurements and 13C CPMAS NMR spectroscopy and lead to the conclusion that 32 years after reforestation the degree of humification of the soil organic matter is in the same range as those of natural sites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004454826537
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nutrient supply and fertilizer experiments in view of N saturation (1990)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 128 (1990), S. 45-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: conifers ; fertilization ; magnesium ; new type forest damage ; nitrogen saturation ; nutritional status ; potassium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract New types of forest damage associated with Mg (and K) deficiency can be corrected by proper fertilization using fast release Mg (and K) fertilizers or Mg limestone. Sufficient Mg and K supply provided by former fertilizer applications inhibited the appearance of typical deficiency symptoms in areas where unfertilized control trees are now characterized by yellowing. In these areas N input rates vary appreciably. Addition of N fertilizers, particularly in the form of NH4-N, can induce nutrient imbalances as was demonstrated for Mg and K. From these disorders relative growth reductions may result. However, sustained negative effects will probably only occur when large doses are applied or when atmospheric N input rates are high. Increased N uptake due to N fertilization indicated that the investigated sites were not saturated with N. Needle analysis is a very simple as well as valuable tool to characterize the nutritional status of forest tress and stands when it is carried out correctly. Nutrient ratios should receive the attention they deserve, rather than concentrate exclusively on the evaluation of absolute nutrient contents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00009395
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ground beetle communities on reclaimed mine spoil: Effects of organic matter application and revegetation (1999)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 213 (1999), S. 117-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: amelioration ; compost ; ground beetles ; mine spoil ; revegetation ; sewage sludge
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract On a study site in the Lusatian lignite mining region (Germany), sandy mine spoil was ameliorated with either sewage sludge, compost or mineral fertilizer. Plots were sown with the grass Secale multicaule and planted with pine seedlings except for a control that was not meliorated and not revegetated. Pitfall catches of ground beetles in 1996/97 yielded high numbers of species and individuals directly after revegetation. The dominant beetles were xerophilic species, known to prefer open sandy sites. Catches in different plots were positively correlated with the amount of vegetation cover and declined as follows: amelioration with sewage sludge 〉 compost 〉 mineral fertilizer 〉 untreated control. Even beetles characteristic of open sandy sites showed a distinct preference for plots with high vegetation cover treated with organic waste. For the dominant species, an attraction to shelter and a more balanced, humid microclimate is assumed. A year-to-year comparison showed an increase in beetles typical of dry grasslands and ruderal sites in the second year, while characteristic species of open sandy sites decreased. Application of organic waste combined with revegetation led to an immediate increase in beetle numbers. In the long term, revegetation would be expected to reduce suitable habitats for endangered ground beetles which prefer open sites with poor sandy soils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004508317091
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temporal and spatial development of soil solution chemistry and element budgets in different mine soils of the Lusatian lignite mining area (1999)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 213 (1999), S. 169-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Ash application ; mineral formation ; mineral weathering ; Pinus nigra (Arnold) ; Pinus sylvestris (L.) ; pyrite
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Lignite and pyrite contents in the dump materials of the Lusatian opencast mining district in East Germany result in high acidification and salinization potentials. These extreme conditions require considerable amounts of alkaline materials like ash or lime to enable recultivation and revegetation. Investigations at chronosequence sites on different mining substrates show characteristic developments of the soil solution chemistry. Processes like weathering of primary and formation of secondary mineral phases, acid production and buffering, and their impacts on both the solid and the liquid soil phase result in high temporal and spatial dynamics especially in the initial phase of soil and ecosystem development. To study these processes we continuously collected soil solutions from different soil depths at seven sites with two representative soil substrates. All sites were afforested with pine and cover stand ages from 1 to 60 yr. The results show that actual pyrite oxidation occurs at the youngest sites on lignite and pyrite containing substrates leading to extremely low pH values and high Fen+ and SO4 2- concentrations. The considerable acid production causes weathering of aluminium silicates resulting in high Aln+ concentrations. Ca2+ concentrations are unexpectedly high even at low pH showing no correlation to amelioration amounts or depths. Therefore it seems most probable that these mining substrates contain geogenic Ca sources. The transport of dissolved weathering products is limited due to low leaching rates enabling formation of secondary phases which control the actual composition of the soil solution. Depth gradients of the soil solution composition at the chronosequence sites point to a gradual transport and leaching of these secondary phases from the soil profiles. Soil solution composition and dynamics at lignite and pyrite free sites show completely different patterns and have a higher potential for successful sustainable recultivation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004542205087
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Can applied organic matter fulfil similar functions as soil organic matter? Risk-benefit analysis for organic matter application as a potential strategy for rehabilitation of disturbed ecosystems (1999)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 213 (1999), S. 1-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004681506901
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigations on pyrite oxidation in mine spoils of the Lusatian lignite mining district (1999)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 213 (1999), S. 137-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: autochthonous acidophilic bacteria ; column experiments and field study ; fly ash ; mine spoil ; organic waste application ; Thiobacillus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The impact of organic waste material and fly ash on microbial and chemical pyrite oxidation was investigated in a field experiment, as well as in column tests under laboratory conditions. For the field experiment, pyritic mine spoil was ameliorated with fly ash and treated either with mineral fertiliser, with sewage sludge or with compost. Independent of treatment, during the 18 months following application, the pyrite-S contents decreased steadily in the top spoil (0–30 cm depth). However, high variations of the pyrite-S content were observed. Compared to other pyrite oxidation studies, the pyrite content of the mine spoil at the experimental site was low. Therefore, a model spoil with a higher pyrite content, derived from Tertiary strata of the overburden sequence in the same open-cast mine, was used for the column experiments. For the first column experiment, the model spoil was mixed with fly ash and mineral fertiliser, reflecting the common reclamation practice in the Lusatian open-cast lignite mining district. Columns with this spoil were either inoculated with different cell numbers of autochthonous acidophilic bacteria, isolated from the model spoil, or with a commercial strain of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans. The ratio of sulphate-S to total S was used as a measure for the degree of pyrite oxidation. The ratio of sulphate-S to total S increased within 28 days of incubation. The increase was related to the inoculated cell numbers of bacteria, but independent of the origin of the bacteria. It can be stated, that autochthonous bacteria from the model spoil oxidised pyrite at a similar rate as did the commercial T. ferrooxidans strain. For the second column test, mineral fertiliser, sewage sludge or compost were applied to the model spoil. The columns were inoculated with autochthonous bacteria, isolated from the model spoil. Application of sewage sludge and compost seemed to promote the weathering of pyrite, as the ratio of sulphate-S to total S increased more rapidly in these treatments compared to control or mineral fertiliser application. Both experiments showed an increase of cell numbers of inoculated bacteria, independent of the ratio of sulphate-S to total S.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004665207808
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