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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 42 (1986), S. 98-101 
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Two sufficient criteria on homometric polytypes are derived. They are applied to CdI2. In addition to the known pairs of homometric structures, infinite sets of other pairs may be constructed. Examples of possible pairs of homometric CdI2 polytypes for all space groups in CdI2 are given.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 11 (1978), S. 669-669 
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Some multiplicities for the Laue class \bar 31m are not correct in several standard texts.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 40 (1984), S. 434-436 
    ISSN: 1600-5740
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 50 (1963), S. 548-548 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Carbohydrate ; Growth ; Nitrogen ; Phaseolus lunatus ; Storage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Growth, photosynthesis, and storage of nitrogen (N) and total non-structural carbohydrates (TNC) of a perennial wild type and an annual cultivar of lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus) were examined at different light intensities and N supplies. Relative growth rate and photosynthesis increased with light and N availability. N limitation enhanced biomass allocation into root rather than into shoot, while light limitation enhanced growth of leaf area. The TNC concentrations increased with light intensity and thus with photosynthesis, while the concentrations of organic N and nitrate decreased. Increasing N supply had the opposite effect. Therefore, TNC and organic N concentrations were negatively correlated (r=−0.90). Pool size of N or TNC increased with N and light availability when either resource was non-limiting, but increased little or remained constant when either resource was limiting. Storage reached a minimum when both resources were supplied at an equal rate.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Oecologia 82 (1990), S. 355-361 
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Vine ; Xylem water flow ; Entadopsis ; Serjania ; Cyclanthera
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A method for determining the mass flow rate of xylem water in thin stems under natural field conditions is presented. Diurnal courses of xylem water flow and stomatal conductance of the vines Entadopsis polystachya, Cyclanthera multifoliolata, and Serjania brachycarpa were examined in a tropical deciduous forest on the west coast of Mexico. E. polystachya (leaf area 23.6 m2) had a maximum water flow rate of 6.50 kg h-1 or 1.44 kg cm-2 stem basal area h-1; daily water use was 2.00 kg m-2 leaf area day-1. S. brachycarpa (leaf area 4.5 m2) and C. multifoliolata (leaf area 3.6 m2) had a maximum water flow rate of 0.72 and 0.19 kg h-1 or 0.63 and 0.92 kg cm-2 stem basal area h-1. Daily water use was 1.26 and 0.39 kg m-2 leaf area day-1, respectively. The daily courses of xylem water flow were strongly influenced by the orientation of the leaf area to irradiance and its intensity. While leaves of E. polystachya had a constant high stomatal conductance during the day, S. brachycarpa had a maximum stomatal opening in the morning followed by continuous closure during the rest of the day. In contrast to the woody species, the herbaceous C. multifoliolata exhibited a strong midday depression of stomatal conductance and wilting of its leaves. The leaf biomass accounted for 8% (Entadopsis), 16% (Serjania), and 23% (Cyclanthera) of above-ground biomass. The relation of sapwood area to leaf area supplied (Huber value) was 0.19 (Entadopsis), 0.18 (Serjania), and 0.06 (Cyclanthera) cm2 m-2
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Annual plants ; Biomass partitioning ; Nitrogen nutrition ; Relative growth rate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The hypothesis was tested that faster growth of nitrophilic plants at high nitrogen (N) nutrition is counterbalanced by faster growth of non-nitrophilic plants at low N-nutrition. Ten annual plant species were used which originated from habitats of different N-availability. The species' preference for N was quantified by the “N-number” of Ellenberg (1979), a relative measure of nitrophily. The plants were cultivated in a growth cabinet at five levels of ammonium-nitrate supply. At low N-supply, the relative growth rate (RGR) was independent of nitrophily. At high N-supply, RGR tended to be higher in nitrophilic than in non-nitrophilic species. However, the response of RGR to N-supply was strongly and positively correlated with the nitrophily of species. Increasing N-supply enhanced partitioning to leaf weight per total biomass (LWR) and increased plant leaf area per total biomass (LAR). Specific leaf weight (SLW) and LWR were both higher in non-nitrophilic than in nitrophilic species at all levels of N-nutrition. NAR (growth per leaf area or net assimilation rate) increased with nitrophily only under conditions of high N-supply. RGR correlated positively with LAR, irrespective of N-nutrition. Under conditions of high N-supply RGR correlated with SLW negatively and with NAR positively.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Mit Hilfe der Stärkegelelektrophorese wurden die phänotypischen Variationen der alkalischen Serumphosphatase bei 746 Gesunden, 62 Patienten mit Ulcus duodeni, 95 Patienten mit Ulcus ventriculi und 65 Patienten mit Magencarcinom untersucht. Die Beziehungen der quantitativen Variationen der langsamer wandernden B-Komponente zum ABO-Blutgruppensystem, zum Lewis-Blutgruppensystem, zum ABH-Ausscheidersystem und ihre Abhängigkeit von der Nahrungszufuhr werden bestätigt. Bei der Untersuchung von 637 nicht nüchternen Gesunden wurde eine positive Korrelation der B-Bande zu den Blutgruppen O, B und Le(a-/b+) und den Ausscheidern von ABH-Substanzen gefunden. Eine negative Korrelation der B-Bande fand sich zu den Blutgruppen A1, Le(a+/b-) und den Nichtausscheidern von ABH-Substanzen. Bei einem Vergleichskollektiv von 109 nüchternen Gesunden wurde im Prinzip wieder die gleiche Korrelation gefunden. Die Häufigkeit und auch die Intensität der B-Bande war jedoch insgesamt geringer als bei den nicht nüchternen Gesunden. Nach Nahrungsaufnahme kommt es zu einem Anstieg der Intensität der B-Komponente der alkalischen Phosphatase im Serum, wie in einem Diätversuch bei drei Personen gezeigt werden konnte. Bei Patienten mit Ulcus duodeni, Ulcus ventriculi und Carcinoma ventriculi war sowohl die Häufigkeit als auch die Intensität der B-Bande geringer als bei Gesunden. Diese Abweichung wird auf eine Änderung der Ernährungsweise oder eine Störung im Bereich des Gastrointestinaltraktes zurückgeführt. Für einen Zusammenhang zwischen der B-Komponente der alkalischen Serumphosphatase und der bekannten ABO-Blutgruppenassoziation der drei untersuchten gastrointestinalen Erkrankungen ergab sich kein eindeutiger Hinweis.
    Notes: Abstract The alkaline serum phosphatase has been studied by starch gel electrophoresis in 746 healthy individuals, 62 patients with duodenal ulcer, 95 patients with stomach ulcer, and 65 patients with stomach cancer (Fig. 1, Table 1). The previously reported quantitative variations of the B-component of alkaline phosphatase, which is presumably identical with the intestinal component, has been confirmed. The variations of the B-component are associated with the ABO blood group system, the Lewis blood group system, and the ABH secretor status; they are also influenced by diet. In a sample of 637 healthy, nonfasting persons the B-component was positively correlated to the O, B and Le(a-/b+) blood groups and to ABH secretion. The B-component was negatively associated with the A1 and Le(a+/b-) blood groups and the ABH non-secretor status (Table 2 and 3). In a sample of 109 fasting healthy individuals the B-component was less frequent and also less intense if present. Nevertheless, the same correlations to the ABO and Lewis blood groups and the ABH secretor status are found as in the non-fasting control (Table 5 and 6). In three persons the increase of the B-component of alkaline phosphatase in serum was followed after intake of a fatty meal (Table 7, Fig. 2 and 3). In patients with duodenal ulcer, stomach ulcer and stomach cancer the B-component is less frequent and less intense than in the control group of fasting healthy individuals. This deviation is related to differences in the diet or to disturbances of the gastrointestinal functions in these patients. There was no clear indication of a connection between the B-component of alkaline phosphatase and the ABO blood groups association with these gastrointestinal diseases (Table 8, 9, and 10).
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Light climate ; Nicotiana (photosynthesis) ; Photosynthesis ; Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase ; Transgenic plant (tobacco, antisense DNA)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) plants transformed with ‘antisense’ rbcS to decrease the expression of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase (Rubisco) have been used to investigate the contribution of Rubisco to the control of photosynthesis in plants growing at different irradiances. Tobacco plants were grown in controlled-climate chambers under ambient CO2 at 20°C at 100, 300 and 750 μmol·m−2·s−1 irradiance, and at 28°C at 100, 300 and 1000 μmol·m−2·s−1 irradiance. (i) Measurement of photosynthesis under ambient conditions showed that the flux control coefficient of Rubisco (C infRubisco supA ) was very low (0.01–0.03) at low growth irradiance, and still fairly low (0.24–0.27) at higher irradiance. (ii) Short-term changes in the irradiance used to measure photosynthesis showed that C infRubisco supA increases as incident irradiance rises, (iii) When low-light (100 μmol·m−2·s−1)-grown plants are exposed to high (750–1000 μmol·m−2·s−1) irradiance, Rubisco is almost totally limiting for photosynthesis in wild types. However, when high-light-grown leaves (750–1000 μmol·m−2·s−1) are suddenly exposed to high and saturating irradiance (1500–2000 μmol·m−2·s−1), C infRubisco supA remained relatively low (0.23–0.33), showing that in saturating light Rubisco only exerts partial control over the light-saturated rate of photosynthesis in “sun” leaves; apparently additional factors are co-limiting photosynthetic performance, (iv) Growth of plants at high irradiance led to a small decrease in the percentage of total protein found in the insoluble (thylakoid fraction), and a decrease of chlorophyll, relative to protein or structural leaf dry weight. As a consequence of this change, high-irradiance-grown leaves illuminated at growth irradiance avoided an inbalance between the “light” reactions and Rubisco; this was shown by the low value of C infRubisco supA (see above) and by measurements showing that non-photochemical quenching was low, photochemical quenching high, and NADP-malate dehydrogenase activation was low at the growth irradiance. In contrast, when a leaf adapted to low irradiance was illuminated at a higher irradiance, Rubisco exerted more control, non-photochemical quenching was higher, photochemical quenching was lower, and NADP-malate dehydrogenase activation was higher than in a leaf which had grown at that irradiance. We conclude that changes in leaf composition allow the leaf to avoid a one-sided limitation by Rubisco and, hence, overexcitation and overreduction of the thylakoids in high-irradiance growth conditions, (v) ‘Antisense’ plants with less Rubisco contained a higher content of insoluble (thylakoid) protein and chlorophyll, compared to total protein or structural leaf dry weight. They also showed a higher rate of photosynthesis than the wild type, when measured at an irradiance below that at which the plant had grown. We propose that N-allocation in low light is not optimal in tobacco and that genetic manipulation to decrease Rubisco may, in some circumstances, increase photosynthetic performance in low light.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Probability theory and related fields 54 (1980), S. 141-159 
    ISSN: 1432-2064
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary Motions of one-dimensional infinite particle systems are considered where the dynamics is given by systems of ordinary differential equations of first order. The aim of the paper is to show that under certain assumptions about the system of differential equations the distribution law P tof the particle system at time t becomes more and more regular under the influence of such an interaction. Moreover, P tis tending weakly toward a distribution describing a random particle system with equal successive spacings.
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