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  • 1
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    The geologic history of seawater oxygen isotopes from marine iron oxides (2019)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉The oxygen isotope composition (〈sup〉18〈/sup〉O) of marine sedimentary rocks has increased by 10 to 15 per mil since Archean time. Interpretation of this trend is hindered by the dual control of temperature and fluid 〈sup〉18〈/sup〉O on the rocks’ isotopic composition. A new 〈sup〉18〈/sup〉O record in marine iron oxides covering the past ~2000 million years shows a similar secular rise. Iron oxide precipitation experiments reveal a weakly temperature-dependent iron oxide–water oxygen isotope fractionation, suggesting that increasing seawater 〈sup〉18〈/sup〉O over time was the primary cause of the long-term rise in 〈sup〉18〈/sup〉O values of marine precipitates. The 〈sup〉18〈/sup〉O enrichment may have been driven by an increase in terrestrial sediment cover, a change in the proportion of high- and low-temperature crustal alteration, or a combination of these and other factors.〈/p〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    Making choices without deliberating (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-06-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bekker, Hilary L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 9;312(5779):1472; author reply 1472.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16763132" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Choice Behavior ; Decision Support Techniques ; Humans
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Iron isotope constraints on the Archean and Paleoproterozoic ocean redox state (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2005-02-19
    Description: The response of the ocean redox state to the rise of atmospheric oxygen about 2.3 billion years ago (Ga) is a matter of controversy. Here we provide iron isotope evidence that the change in the ocean iron cycle occurred at the same time as the change in the atmospheric redox state. Variable and negative iron isotope values in pyrites older than about 2.3 Ga suggest that an iron-rich global ocean was strongly affected by the deposition of iron oxides. Between 2.3 and 1.8 Ga, positive iron isotope values of pyrite likely reflect an increase in the precipitation of iron sulfides relative to iron oxides in a redox stratified ocean.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rouxel, Olivier J -- Bekker, Andrey -- Edwards, Katrina J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Feb 18;307(5712):1088-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Department, Geomicrobiology Group, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Mail Stop 8, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA. orouxel@whoi.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15718467" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Atmosphere ; Chemical Precipitation ; Ferric Compounds/analysis ; Geologic Sediments/*chemistry ; Iron/*analysis ; Iron Isotopes/*analysis ; Oceans and Seas ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygen ; *Seawater ; Sulfides/*analysis ; Time
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Field responsive mechanical metamaterials (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈p〉Typically, mechanical metamaterial properties are programmed and set when the architecture is designed and constructed, and do not change in response to shifting environmental conditions or application requirements. We present a new class of architected materials called field responsive mechanical metamaterials (FRMMs) that exhibit dynamic control and on-the-fly tunability enabled by careful design and selection of both material composition and architecture. To demonstrate the FRMM concept, we print complex structures composed of polymeric tubes infilled with magnetorheological fluid suspensions. Modulating remotely applied magnetic fields results in rapid, reversible, and sizable changes of the effective stiffness of our metamaterial motifs.〈/p〉
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Field responsive mechanical metamaterials (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-12-08
    Description: Typically, mechanical metamaterial properties are programmed and set when the architecture is designed and constructed, and do not change in response to shifting environmental conditions or application requirements. We present a new class of architected materials called field responsive mechanical metamaterials (FRMMs) that exhibit dynamic control and on-the-fly tunability enabled by careful design and selection of both material composition and architecture. To demonstrate the FRMM concept, we print complex structures composed of polymeric tubes infilled with magnetorheological fluid suspensions. Modulating remotely applied magnetic fields results in rapid, reversible, and sizable changes of the effective stiffness of our metamaterial motifs.
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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  • 6
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    Atmospheric sulfur in Archean komatiite-hosted nickel deposits (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-12-08
    Description: Some of Earth's largest iron-nickel (Fe-Ni) sulfide ore deposits formed during the Archean and early Proterozoic. Establishing the origin of the metals and sulfur in these deposits is critical for understanding their genesis. Here, we present multiple sulfur isotope data implying that the sulfur in Archean komatiite-hosted Fe-Ni sulfide deposits was previously processed through the atmosphere and then accumulated on the ocean floor. High-temperature, mantle-derived komatiite magmas were then able to incorporate the sulfur from seafloor hydrothermal sulfide accumulations and sulfidic shales to form Neoarchean komatiite-hosted Fe-Ni sulfide deposits at a time when the oceans were sulfur-poor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bekker, Andrey -- Barley, Mark E -- Fiorentini, Marco L -- Rouxel, Olivier J -- Rumble, Douglas -- Beresford, Stephen W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Nov 20;326(5956):1086-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1177742.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 5251 Broad Branch Road, NW, Washington, DC 20015, USA. bekker@cc.umanitoba.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19965423" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    DNA repair. Proteomics reveals dynamic assembly of repair complexes during bypass of DNA cross-links (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-05-02
    Description: DNA interstrand cross-links (ICLs) block replication fork progression by inhibiting DNA strand separation. Repair of ICLs requires sequential incisions, translesion DNA synthesis, and homologous recombination, but the full set of factors involved in these transactions remains unknown. We devised a technique called chromatin mass spectrometry (CHROMASS) to study protein recruitment dynamics during perturbed DNA replication in Xenopus egg extracts. Using CHROMASS, we systematically monitored protein assembly and disassembly on ICL-containing chromatin. Among numerous prospective DNA repair factors, we identified SLF1 and SLF2, which form a complex with RAD18 and together define a pathway that suppresses genome instability by recruiting the SMC5/6 cohesion complex to DNA lesions. Our study provides a global analysis of an entire DNA repair pathway and reveals the mechanism of SMC5/6 relocalization to damaged DNA in vertebrate cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Raschle, Markus -- Smeenk, Godelieve -- Hansen, Rebecca K -- Temu, Tikira -- Oka, Yasuyoshi -- Hein, Marco Y -- Nagaraj, Nagarjuna -- Long, David T -- Walter, Johannes C -- Hofmann, Kay -- Storchova, Zuzana -- Cox, Jurgen -- Bekker-Jensen, Simon -- Mailand, Niels -- Mann, Matthias -- HL098316/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 May 1;348(6234):1253671. doi: 10.1126/science.1253671. Epub 2015 Apr 30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany. ; Ubiquitin Signaling Group, Department of Disease Biology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark. ; Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ; Institute of Genetics, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany. ; Maintenance of Genome Stability Group, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany. ; Ubiquitin Signaling Group, Department of Disease Biology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark. simon.bekker-jensen@cpr.ku.dk niels.mailand@cpr.ku.dk mmann@biochem.mpg.de. ; Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany. Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Proteomics Program, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark. simon.bekker-jensen@cpr.ku.dk niels.mailand@cpr.ku.dk mmann@biochem.mpg.de.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25931565" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chromatin/chemistry/metabolism ; *DNA Damage ; *DNA Repair ; DNA Repair Enzymes/*metabolism ; *DNA Replication ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Mass Spectrometry/methods ; Proteomics/methods ; RNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Xenopus
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 8
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    Titanium isotopic evidence for felsic crust and plate tectonics 3.5 billion years ago (2017)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-09-22
    Description: Earth exhibits a dichotomy in elevation and chemical composition between the continents and ocean floor. Reconstructing when this dichotomy arose is important for understanding when plate tectonics started and how the supply of nutrients to the oceans changed through time. We measured the titanium isotopic composition of shales to constrain the chemical composition of the continental crust exposed to weathering and found that shales of all ages have a uniform isotopic composition. This can only be explained if the emerged crust was predominantly felsic (silica-rich) since 3.5 billion years ago, requiring an early initiation of plate tectonics. We also observed a change in the abundance of biologically important nutrients phosphorus and nickel across the Archean-Proterozoic boundary, which might have helped trigger the rise in atmospheric oxygen.
    Keywords: Geochemistry, Geophysics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    We still need to beat HIV (2017)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-07-28
    Keywords: Editorials
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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