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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The anatomical distributions of sterols and the incorporation of dietary phytosterols into different organs were studied in two populations of sea scallops, Placopecten magellanicus Gmelin, collected in 1989 from Georges Bank (Nova Scotia) and St. Pierre Bank (Newfoundland), respectively. In contrast to the well-established organ-specific lipid classes and fatty-acid compositions usually found in marine animals, the major organs of wild sea scallops (adductor muscle, digestive gland, gonads, gills and mantle) had the same sterol compositions. In order to know if anisomyarian bivalves require a uniform anatomical distribution of sterols, wild scallops were subjected to a microalgal diet containing high concentrations of brassicasterol, β-sitosterol and cholesterol. The sterol composition of the scallop adductor muscle was not changed by 6 wk of feeding on the experimental diet. In contrast, the proportions of brassicasterol, β-sitosterol and cholesterol in the digestive gland, and of brassicasterol and cholesterol in the male gonad, increased significantly (p〈0.05). These results showed that the typical even anatomical distribution of sterols of bivalves can be disrupted by a drastic change in diet and is therefore not subject to strict internal regulation. Furthermore, the P. magellanicus results indicate that, although sea scallops may be capable of sterol biosynthesis, the incorporation of unmodified dietary phytosterols plays an influential role in establishing their sterol composition.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: Key words: HlyA — RTX toxins — Leukotoxicity — Pore Formation — Pore properties — Human macrophages — Patch clamp
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract. Escherichia coli hemolysin is known to cause hemolysis of red blood cells by forming hydrophilic pores in their cell membrane. Hemolysin-induced pores have been directly visualized in model systems such as planar lipid membranes and unilamellar vesicles. However this hemolysin, like all the members of a related family of toxins called Repeat Toxins, is a potent leukotoxin. To investigate whether the formation of channels is involved also in its leukotoxic activity, we used patch-clamped human macrophages as targets. Indeed, when exposed to the hemolysin, these cells developed additional pores into their membrane. Such exogenous pores had properties very different from the endogenous channels already present in the cell membrane (primarily K+ channels), but very similar to the pores formed by the toxin in purely lipidic model membranes. Observed properties were: large single channel conductance, cation over anion selectivity but weak discrimination among different cations, quasilinear current-voltage characteristic and the existence of a flickering pre-open state of small conductance. The selectivity properties of the toxin channels appearing in phospholipid vesicles were also investigated, using a specially adapted polarization/depolarization assay, and were found to be completely consistent with that of the current fluctuations observed in excised macrophage patches.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 144 (Sept. 1997), p. 231-242 
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 2 (1983), S. 1754-1761 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Nonlocalized single-particle electronic states
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Le proprietà elettroniche del CdIn2S4 e del MgIn2S4 sono studiate secondo lo schema “local density” utilizzando uno pseudopotenziale autocoerente. I. nostri calcoli autocoerenti confermano i risultati di studi precedenti e producono risultati in accordo con l'esperimento. Le densità di carica elettronica indicano che entrambi gli spinelli sono altamente ionici. I due composti hanno proprietà fondamentalmente simili pur differendo nelle bande di conduzione.
    Abstract: Резюме Исследуются электронные своюства CdIn2S4 и MgIn2S4 в самосогласованною схеме псевдопотенциала с локальной плотностью, основанной на атомных потенциалах с твердым остовом. Наши самосогласованные вычисления подтверждают предположения предыдущих эмпирических исследований и дают значения для наименьших значений знергетических щелей, которые согласуются с экспериментальными данными. Плотности электронного заряда указывают, что оба сульфошпинеля являются высокоионными. Оба соединения имеют одинаковые свойства основного состояния, но различные зоны проводимости.
    Notes: Summary The electronic properties of CdIn2S4 and MgIn2S4 are studied in the self-consistent local-density pseudopotential scheme based on hard-core atomic potentials. Our self-consistent calculation confirms the assumptions of previous empirical studies and provides for the lowestenergy gap values which agree with experimental data. The electron charge densities indicate that both sulphospinels are highly ionic. The two compounds have similar ground-state properties but different conduction bands.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 2 (1983), S. 1643-1649 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Nonlocalized single-particle electronic states
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Indagini dettagliate mostrano come la differenza tra i due cationi nelle calcopiriti ABC2 produce una distribuzione tetragonale della carica di valenza che a sua volta induce una distorsione nel reticolo. Calcoli accurati utilizzanti pseudopotenziali autocoerenti per ZnGeAs2 e per un immaginario composto zincoblenda $$\overline {Zn - Ge} As$$ confermano che la componente tetragonale della carica in ZnGeAs2 è principalmente dovuta alla differenza chimica tra Zn e Ge e non a distorsioni cristallografiche. Questi calcoli autocoerenti mostrano anche che i) il valore piú basso del gap in ZnGeAs2 rispetto a $$\overline {Zn - Ge} As$$ è principalmente dovuto alle differenze chimiche dei cationi e ii) la separazione da campo cristallino della banda di valenza piú alta in ZnGeAs deriva essenzialmente dalla distorsione della cella unitariac/a.
    Abstract: Реюме Моделяные вычисления показывают, что различие между двумя катионами в ABC2 халькопиритах приводит к тетрагональному распредению валентного электронного эаряда, что, в свою очередь, прновдит к дисторсии решетки. Сравнительные самссогласованные вычисления псевдопотенциала для ZnGeAs2, и для ложной цинковой обманки $$\overline {Zn - Ge} As$$ подтверждают, тетрагональная компонента плотности электронного заряда в ZnGeAs2 главным образом, обусловлена химическим различием между Zn и Ge, а не кристаллографическими дисторсиями. Эти самосогласованные вычисления также показывают, что 1) меньшая величина энергетическою щеди в ZnGeAs2 по сравнению с $$\overline {Zn - Ge} As$$ , в основном, обусловлена химическими различиями катионов и 2) расщепление кристаллического поля на самою верщине валентных зон в ZnGeAs2 связано с дисторсиеюc/a единичною ячеюкн.
    Notes: Summary Model calculations show that the difference between the two cations in ABC2 chalcopyrites produces a tetragonal distribution of the valence electron charge which in turn induces a distortion of the lattice. Comparative self-consistent pseudopotential calculations for ZnGeAs2 and for a fictitious zincblende compound $$\overline {Zn - Ge} As$$ confirm that the tetragonal component of the electron charge density in ZnGeAs2 is mostly due to the chemical difference between Zn and Ge and not to crystallographic distortions. These self-consistent calculations also show that i) the lower value of the energy gap in ZnGeAs2 than in $$\overline {Zn - Ge} As$$ is mostly due to cation chemical differences and ii) the crystal field splitting of the topmost valence bands in ZnGeAs2 mostly originates from thec/a unit-cell distortion.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 9 (1987), S. 163-173 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Nonlocalized single-particle electronic states
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Le anomale riduzioni del gap di energia nei semiconduttori a struttura calcopirite rispetto ai loro analoghi binari sono stimate quantitativamente usando una semplice relazione che implica l’uso della scala delle elettronegatività e il numero quantico principale medio. Il contributo chimico e strutturale a questa anomalia è discusso ed è mostrato che la relazione può essere agevolmente estesa per spiegare la variazione del gap in alcune soluzioni solide.
    Abstract: Резюме Количественно оцениваются аномальные уменьшения ширины запрещенной зоны в полупроводниках халькопирита, по сравнению с бинарными аналогами. Подробно обсуждается химичекий и структурный вклад в эту аномалию. Показывается, что предложенный подход можно легко обобщить для объяснения изменения ширины запрещенной зоны в некоторых кросс-замещенных сплавах.
    Notes: Summary The anomalous reductions in the energy band gap of the chalcopyrite semiconductors as compared to their relative binary analogs are estimated quantitatively by using a simple relation that involves quantum defect electronegativity scale and the average principal quantum number. The chemical and the structural contribution to this anomaly is discussed in details and it is shown that the relation can be easily extended to explain the variation in the band gap of some cross-substitutional alloys.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 13 (1991), S. 291-299 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Crystalline state (including molecular motion in solids)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary The ternary ZnIn2S4 is a semiconductor with a number of layerlike polytypes coordinated by both tetrahedral and octahedral bonds. The equilibrium properties of the α-phase are investigated self-consistently by using normconserving pseudopotentials. In particular we study in the Hellmann-Feynman scheme the relationship between atomic displacements and crystal stability by minimizing the forces acting on the anions. The resulting charge density maps are analysed and discussed.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 5 (1985), S. 124-132 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Conductivity phenomena in semiconductors and insulators
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Si studia il legame chimico nella serie dei semiconduttori mancanti di elettroni Mg2X, dove X=Si, Ge e Sn, con il metodo dello pseudopotenziale autocoerente nello schema del funzionale densità locale. Le proprietà fisiche dei composti in esame sono studiate utilizzando potenziali atomici che permettono di evidenziarne le caratteristiche di periodicità. Il carattere ionico di questi materiali è correlato all'elettronegatività degli anioni. I nostri risultati, in buon accordo con l'esperimento, sono discussi in modo da spiegare il comportamento molecolare degli stati di conduzione.
    Notes: Summary The chemical bond in the electron-deficient semiconductor series Mg2X (X=Si, Ge, Sn) is analysed in the pseudopotential self-consistent local-density scheme. Hard-core atomic potentials are used to investigate the physical properties of these compounds and to show the regularities peculiar to the periodic table. The ionic character of these materials is studied and related to the scaling electronegativities of their anions. Our results, in good agreement with the experiment, are discussed in order to explain the molecular behaviour of the bonding conduction states.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 592 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology -- Part B: Biochemistry and 103 (1992), S. 357-362 
    ISSN: 0305-0491
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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