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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural reorganization of phosphatidylcholine vesicle membranes by poly(2-ethylacrylic acid): influence of the molecular weight of the polymer (1989)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 22 (1989), S. 765-769 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma00192a042
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Peptidase D of Escherichia coli K-12, a metallopeptidase of low substrate specificity (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 123 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Peptidase D of Escherichia coli was overproduced from a multicopy plasmid and purified to electrophoretic homogeneity. The pure enzyme was stable at 4°C or −20°C and had a pH optimum at pH 9, and a pI of 4.7; the temperature optimum was at 37°C. As the enzyme was activated by Co2+ and Zn2+, and deactivated by metal chelators, it appears to be a metallopeptidase. By activity staining of native gels, 11 dipeptides which are preferentially cleaved by peptidase D were identified. Peptidase D activity required dipeptide substrates with an unblocked amino terminus and the amino group in the α or β position. Non-protein amino acids and proline were not accepted in the C-terminal position, whereas some dipeptide amides and formyl amino acids were hydrolyzed. Km values of 2 to 5 mM indicate a relatively poor interaction of the enzyme with its substrates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1994.tb07215.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Accurate mapping of the Escherichia coli pepD gene by sequence analysis of its 5′ flanking region (1989)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 215 (1989), S. 369-373 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: pepD gene ; gpt gene ; Intergenic region ; lpcA locus ; Peptidase D purification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A cloned DNA fragment, carrying the gene for peptidase D (pepD) of Escherichia coli, was partially sequenced. By purification of peptidase D and sequence determination of an amino-terminal oligopeptide the reading frame of the pepD gene, starting with a GTG initiator codon, was unambiguously identified. An overlap of the established nucleotide sequence with the previously sequenced 5′ flanking region of the gpt gene allowed the exact distance between pepD and gpt to be calculated. The two genes are pointing towards each other and are separated by 260 bp. A search for open reading frames (ORFs) and the analysis of possible codon usage in the intercistronic region indicate the absence of an additional gene (lpcA) between pepD and gpt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00427031
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Makromolekulare schalter für doppelschichtmembranen (1989)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 166 (1989), S. 257-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Controlled polyelectrolyte adsorption can be used to render phospholipid bilayer membranes sensitive to physical and chemical signals. We describe in this paper the design and construction of macromolecular switches for bilayer membranes, which can be used to create lipid vesicles that release their contents rapidly and quantitatively in response to changes in pH, temperature, light intensity or glucose concentration. The kinetics and mechanisms of the molecular switching processes observed in such systems are also discussed.
    Notes: Kontrollierte Adsorption von Polyelektrolyten kann ein wirksames Werkzeug im Design von dünnen molekularen Filmen sein. Man kann erwarten, daß die Adsorption von Polyelektrolytketten das empfindliche Kräftegleichgewicht erheblich beeinflußt, das die strukturellen und funktionellen Eigenschaften von geordneten Strukturen wie Einzel-, Doppel- und Mehrfachschichten bestimmt. Andererseits ist die Adsorption von Polyelektrolyten außerordentlich sensitiv auf Umgebungsparameter, z.B. pH, Temperatur oder lonenstärke. Kontrollierte Adsorption kann daher zu Sensitivität auf bestimmte chemische oder physikalische Stimuli führen, sodaß auf diese Weise ein molekularer Schaltmechanismus entworfen werden kann. Durch Umsetzen dieser ldee in reale Systeme gelang es uns, molekulares Schalten in Mischungen von Poly(2-ethylacrylsäre) mit natürlichen oder synthetischen Phosphatidylcholinen zu bewirken. Insbesondere haben wir Phosphatidylcholinvesikel hergestellt, die ihren lnhalt nach einer Änderung von pH, Temperatur, Glukosekonzentration oder nach Bestrahlung mit Licht schnell und quantitativ freisetzen. Die Entwicklung und die Herstellung von Doppelschichtmembranen, die auf solche Änderungen reagieren, sowie die Kinetik und der Mechanismus des damit verbundenen molekularen Schaltprozesses werden im vorliegenden Artikel diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1989.051660118
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Untersuchungen zur Glycosidsynthese, XI. Darstellung und Eigenschaften von Acylorthoestern (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 113 (1980), S. 2760-2768 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Research on Glycoside Synthesis, XI. Preparation and Properties of AcylorthoestersCompounds with an acylorthoester structure 10a-e are prepared from 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl bromide and silver salts of carboxylic acids in tetrahydrofuran. Compound 10e with a 4-(4-biphenylyl)butyryl residue proved to be relatively stable above all. Substances of this type could be detected also as intermediates in the Koenigs-Knorr synthesis in the presence of silver salts of carboxylic acids. In the usual working up procedure of this reaction in the presence of water they are transformed into the hydroxy sugars 15a and b. With alcohols in a slow reaction the corresponding orthoesters 11 are formed. Acylorthoesters have been postulated by Winstein and his group7) as intermediates in reactions with neighbouring group participation. The reactivity found in our experiments corresponds far reaching to that proposed before. So 10e on heating is quantitatively transformed with trans-opening of the dioxolane ring into the trans-diacyl compound 9b. In the presence of strong acids in addition a cis-opening to 15c is possible.
    Notes: Aus 2,3,4,6-Tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosylbromid und Silbersalzen von Carbonsäuren werden in Tetrahydrofuran Verbindungen mit einer Acylorthoester-Struktur 10a-e dargestellt. Als relativ stabil erwies sich vor allem die Verbindung 10e mit einem 4-(4-Biphenylyl)butyryl-Rest. Substanzen von diesem Strukturtyp wurden auch als Zwischenprodukte bei der Koenigs-Knorr-Synthese in Gegenwart von Silbersalzen von Carbonsäuren nachgewiesen; sie gehen bei der üblichen Aufarbeitung in Gegenwart von Wasser in die Hydroxyzucker 15a und b über. Mit Alkoholen bilden sich in langsamer Reaktion die entsprechenden Orthoester 11. Unsere Befunde stützen auch den von Winstein et al.7) bei Reaktionen unter Nachbargruppenbeteiligung postulierten Weg über Acylorthoester. So geht 10e beim Erhitzen quantitativ unter trans-Öffnung des Dioxolan Ringes in die trans-Diacylverbindung 9b über, während in Gegenwart starker Säuren auch ein cis-Öffnungsprodukt 15c entstehen kann.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19801130820
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the kinetics and mechanism of thermal degradation of polystyrene (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 183 (1982), S. 1207-1218 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The thermal degradation of polydisperse polystyrene samples with mol. wts. (M̄n) between 60000 and 22000 has been investigated at different temperatures under oxygen free conditions. Product analysis has been carried out by GPC. The experimental degradation could be simulated by a model consisting of scission and depolymerization. The dynamical behaviour of this model is expressed in a matrix from. The ratio of scission and depolymerization is constant for all polymers and different temperatures during degradation. Therefore, a master curve could be evaluated, which gives a general relation between the decrease of mol. wt. and the mass of volatiles. Finally a radical chain mechanism has been proposed in a lumped form which is consistent with the kinetic model and the experimental results.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1982.021830514
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the kinetics and mechanism of thermal degradation of poly(p-methylstyrene) (1987)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 188 (1987), S. 561-582 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The thermal behavior of polydisperse poly(p-methylstyrene) (PPMS) samples with M̄w's of 99200 and 356000 g/mol was investigated under oxygen-free conditions at temperatures between 220 and 345°C. The reaction products were analysed by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), gas chromatography (GC) and swelling measurements. In the initial stage of the reaction crosslinking occurs; at higher temperatures the gel decomposes to polymers with a low degree of polymerization and to volatile products with molecular weights in the range up to trimers. A radical chain mechanism is proposed for degradation which explains the experimental results. On this basis a model is evaluated for gel formation, which is discussed in detail. The results of the present investigation are compared with the thermal degradation of polystyrene (PS) which is chemically similar but does not crosslink.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1987.021880309
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization and detection of polyanions by direct polyelectrolyte titration (1991)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 192 (1991), S. 553-565 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A novel technique is described for the investigation of polyanions by direct polyelectrolyte titration. In connection with a specially developed phototitrator, an extremely high sensitivity can be reached using 3,6-ionene bromide as cationic titrant and eriochrome black T as metachromatic indicator for end-point detection. This enables both the determination of charge densities for polymer characterization as well as the detection of polymers in aqueous solution down to trace concentrations of 10 μg/L. Monovalent salt ions do not interfere with the titration up to concentrations of about 0,1 mol/L. Potential interference of divalent metal ions can be prevented by adding ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) as chelating agent. The applicability of the method was proved by measuring charge densities of poly(sodium acrylate) (NaPAA) in the concentration range of 0,01 to 10 mg/L and of poly(potassium vinyl sulfate) (KPVS). As expected, the charge density of NaPAA decreases with a pH decrease from 11 to 7, whereas the charge density of KPVS is independent of pH.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1991.021920308
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the kinetics and mechanism of thermal degradation of polystyrene, 2.Part 1: cf.1. Formation of volatile compounds (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 185 (1984), S. 991-1001 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Thermal degradation of polystyrene (PS) was carried out in the absence of oxygen between 292 and 336°C. The formed volatile products were analysed qualitatively and quantitatively by means of gas charomatography. It was found that the composition of the volatile fraction is a function of conversion and independent of temperature for most of the products. A radical chain mechanism is proposed to explain these experimental results.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1984.021850513
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Advanced computerized evaluation of gel permeation chromatography results: Calibration and correction for peak broadening (1987)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 188 (1987), S. 1415-1423 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: An advanced method for evaluating gel permeation chromatography (GPC) results is described. Based on a modified broad-molecular-weight standard calibration method the calibration curve for poly(p-methylstyrene) (PPMS) is constructed with several narrow-molecularweight polystyrene (PS) standards and 4 broad-molecular-weight PPMS samples (weight-average molecular weight M̄w = 14000 to 450000). The molecular weight range is covered from that of the monomer up to several hundredthousands. A computer code is developed to correct the elution curves for axial dispersion by a personal computer (PC) in relatively short calculation times.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1987.021880617
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