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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 87 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Hydrothermally synthesized barium titanate, BaTiO3 (commercially available), has internal pores in small particles. The three-dimensional structures of the pores were successfully observed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and reconstructed by a tomography system. The behavior of the internal pore is observed in situ with increasing temperature on the thermal stage of a TEM device. We succeed in recording the movement of pores and small grains. At 〉1128 K, some pores move out from the particle's surface during TEM observation. The temperature roughly agrees with the temperature at which the density of BaTiO3 powder sharply increases. During observation with increasing temperature, a thin layer appeared on the particle's surface at 〉73 K and then disappeared at 1193 K.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 85 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Structural modulations in solid solutions of C3S doped with various amounts of ZnO were investigated via the selected-area electron diffraction method. Three monoclinic modifications (M(I), M(II), and M(III)) were identified in the solid solutions. The modifications had pseudohexagonal subcells that were modulated to form supercells. Coordinates of the reflections attributable to the supercells could be expressed by the following linear combinations of vectors of the reciprocal lattices: m1(−2a*/5.4 + 2b*/5.4 − 7c*/5.4) for M(I), m2(−a*/5 +b*/5 −c*) for M(II), and m3(−a*/6 +b*/6 + 7c*/6) for M(III), m1 and m2=±1 and ±2, and m3=±1, ±2, and ± 3. All the monoclinic modifications possessed structural modulations of a one-dimensional type. The modulation waves could be detected as wavy contrasts by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 86 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A BaCO3 phase is found on the surfaces of hydrothermally synthesized BaTiO3 particles; it occurs as aggregates or small protuberances. A small proportion of the phase decomposes to BaO crystallites when heated by a convergent electron beam in a transmission electron microscope. The BaO and BaCO3 crystallites disappear when they are irradiated successively by the convergent electron beam. The BaO crystallites and the BaCO3 phase sublimate and/or react with BaTiO3 crystals whose surface layers are deficient in Ba2+ ions.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 86 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The thermal conductivity of a SiC ceramic was measured as 270 W·m−1·K−1 at room temperature. At low temperatures (T 〈 25 K), the decrease in the conductivity was proportional to T3 on a logarithmic scale, which indicated that the conductivity was controlled by boundaries. The calculated phonon mean free path in the ceramic increased with decreased temperature, but was limited to ∼4 μm, a length almost equal to the grain size, at temperatures below 30 K. We concluded that the thermal conductivity of the ceramic below 30 K was influenced significantly by grain boundaries and grain junctions.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 85 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: We have found a new phase of La0.05Sr0.95MnO3 with a 30-layer rhombohedral structure by using electron microscopy. The lattice constants were hexagonal axes of a= 0.5444 nm and c= 6.7582 nm. Both weak and strong intensities appeared in selected area diffraction (SAD) patterns. The strong intensities were caused by the periodicity of 15 (Sr,La)O3 layers that had a new stacking sequence of (cchch)3. However, the weak intensities indicated that the 15-layer structure has modulation along the c-direction that is twice as long as that of the structure indicated by the strong intensities. We concluded that the modulation of the 30-layer structure was produced by the introduction of two kinds of oxygen octahedra, Mn3+O6 and Mn4+O6.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 83 (2000), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The ternary compound Ho2MnxTa2−xO7 was synthesized in air at 1523 K. Structural characterization of the compound was taken by X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The compound possessed a trigonal super cell derived from a rhombohedral basic cell with the a/2 of the trigonal super cell. The super cell was caused by the ordering of Mn and Ta ions and the derived structure model was in agreement with that of the zirkelite structure with the space group P3121. The compound had stacking disorder with different stacking sequences along the c-axis. An orientation anomaly in the super cell reflections revealed that the super cell had an incommensurate nature.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 84 (2001), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The ternary compound Er2Mn2/3Mo4/3O7, with a pyrochlore-related structure, was synthesized in a vacuum-sealed quartz tube at 1373 K. The compound was characterized by X-ray diffractometry, electron probe microanalysis, and transmission electron microscopy. The compound possessed a monoclinic structure, with lattice parameters of a= 1.2781(2) nm, b= 0.7378(5) nm, c= 1.1643(6) nm, and β= 100.53(1)°. The compound had a large number of lamellar domains, which were composed of a microtwinned structure on the twin axis 〈1¯1¯0〉.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 85 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: An aluminum nitride (AlN) ceramic with a thermal conductivity value of 272 W·(m·K)−1, which is as high as the experimentally measured thermal conductivity of an AlN single crystal, was successfully fabricated by firing at 1900°C with a sintering aid of 1 mol% Y2O3 under a reducing N2 atmosphere for 100 h. Oxygen concentrations were determined to be 0.02 and 0.03 mass% in the grains and in the grain-boundary phases, respectively. Neither stacking fault in the grains nor crystalline phase in the grain-boundary regions was found by transmission electron microscopy. An amorphous phase possessing yttrium and oxygen elements was detected between the grains as thin films with a thickness of 〈1 nm. Because the amount of grain-boundary phase was small, the high-thermal conductivity of the ceramic was attributable to the low oxygen concentration in the AlN grains.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 84 (2001), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The microstructural evolution of AlN sintered at 〉1950°C was studied in a specimen doped with 10 wt% Al2O3 and 5 wt% Y2O3. The constituent phases of the specimen were AlN, YAG, γ-AlON, and AlON polytypoids (compositional polytypes). Transmission and scanning electron microscopy revealed the microstructural characters: platelike 7AlN·Al2O3 first crystallized with concurrent formation of a residual liquid, then spherical AlN crystals formed. The liquid itself changed composition with the progress of the crystallization and reached the eutectic composition in the pseudobinary system AlN–YAG, and crystallized to an aggregate of AlN and YAG during cooling. As a product of the reaction of 7AlN·Al2O3, γ-AlON was formed.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: TiN nanoparticle-dispersed Si3N4 ceramics is one of the typical ceramics used for bearing applications. Because larger TiN particles considerably damage the mating metallic materials, smaller TiN particles must be dispersed in Si3N4 ceramics. In this study, we fabricated TiN nanoparticle-dispersed Si3N4 ceramics from Si3N4–nano TiO2 composite particles prepared by mechanical treatment. The mechanical properties of the fabricated TiN nanoparticle-dispersed Si3N4 ceramics were evaluated. At first, TiO2 nanoparticles were dispersed in ethanol using polyethylene imide as a dispersant with a lower molecular weight. Si3N4 powder was mixed with this slurry to obtain a powder mixture. In this case, the reaggregation of the TiO2 nanoparticles during the drying process is the problem that has to be solved. In this study, TiO2 nanoparticles and Si3N4 particles were mechanically joined by a particle composer to fabricate the composite particles from the powder mixture. TiN nanoparticles were uniformly dispersed in Si3N4 ceramics by using composite powder. The bending strength of the developed Si3N4 ceramics with TiN nanoparticles was improved, and its distribution was narrow due to the homogeneous dispersion of TiN nanoparticles
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