ALBERT

Description: The data were collected for a joint detrital zircon and detrital rutile provenance study of the late Neogene aeolian Baode Red Clay, located on the northern part of the Chinese Loess Plateau. The data consist of detrital zircon U-Pb ages of the 4.04–2.64 Ma Baode Red Clay (four samples from the Pliocene Jingle Formation and one sample from the 2.64 Ma Transitional Unit), and detrital rutile trace element geochemistry of the 6.91–2.64 Ma Baode Red Clay (three samples from the Miocene Baode Formation, five samples from the Pliocene Jingle Formation, and one sample from the Transitional Unit) and 14 potential sedimentary source areas in Central-East Asia. The data were collected using Nu Plasma AttoM single collector ICP-MS (Nu Instruments Ltd., Wrexham, UK) connected to an Analyte Excite 193 ArF laser ablation system (Photon Machines, San Diego, USA) at the Geological Survey of Finland. The rutiles were analysed for Li, Mg, Al, Si, P, Ca, Sc, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Sn, Sb, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Hf, Ta, W, Pb, Th, and U. The grain size fractions of the analysed grains were mostly 30–90 μm for the Red Clay zircons and rutiles, and 20–500 μm for the potential source area rutiles.

Description: The data consist of detrital zircon U-Pb ages of the 4.04–2.64 Ma Baode Red Clay (four samples from the Pliocene Jingle Formation and one sample from the 2.64 Ma Transitional Unit). The data were collected using Nu Plasma AttoM single collector ICP-MS (Nu Instruments Ltd., Wrexham, UK) connected to an Analyte Excite 193 ArF laser ablation system (Photon Machines, San Diego, USA) at the Geological Survey of Finland.

Description: This dataset contains the concentrations of 34 elements, chloride, methane, ammonium, and dissolved inorganic carbon, as well as δ2H, δ18O, δ7Li, δ34S, 87Sr/86Sr and δ13C-DIC in groundwater and seawater samples as well as in sediment porewater samples from pockmarks associated with submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) at the Hanko cape in Finland, northern Baltic Sea. The groundwater samples were collected onshore from an observation well using a suction pump and from a water intake well. The seawater and pockmark porewater samples were collected from the research vessel Geomari of the Geological Survey of Finland (GTK). The seawater samples were collected onboard from 2 m, 6 m, and 10 m below sea surface at the pockmark locations using a Limnos water sampler. The porewater samples were extracted using Rhizons at 1-2 cm vertical intervals from sediment cores that were collected from the pockmarks at 11 m water depth. Multielement composition of the seawater, groundwater and porewater samples were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission and mass spectrometry (ICP-OES and ICP-MS). Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, and S were analysed by ICP-OES, whereas Ag, Al, As, B, Ba, Be, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, I, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, P, Pb, Rb, Sb, Se, Sr, Th, Tl, U, V, and Zn were analysed by ICP-MS. Major anions (Br, Cl, F, NO3 and SO4) were analyzed using ion chromatography. Alkalinity (as HCO3-), electrical conductivity, pH and KMnO4 consumption of the unfiltered and unpreserved groundwater samples were measured immediately upon arrival at the laboratory. Methane concentrations in the seawater, groundwater and porewater samples were determined by gas chromatography with flame ionization detector. Headspace CH4 concentrations were converted to total dissolved phase concentrations in the original porewater sample using Henry's Law. δ13CDIC values were determined by means of continuous-flow isotope-ratio-monitoring mass spectrometry (CF-irmMS). The concentrations of NH4+ and PO4 were analyzed spectrophotometrically. Hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratios of the groundwater, seawater and porewater samples were analyzed by cavity ring down spectroscopy (CRDS). The isotope ratios are reported as deviation from the international VSMOW-standard. The uncertainty (2σ) of measurement is 〈0.1‰ for oxygen analysis and 〈0.3‰ for hydrogen analysis. For the determination of δ7Li, δ34S and 87Sr/86Sr, the elements were eluted from the groundwater, seawater and porewater samples by liquid column chromatography. The isotope ratios in the eluted samples were analyzed by multi-collector ICP-MS. The Li, S and Sr isotope ratios are reported against the LSVEC, NBS987 and CDT reference materials, respectively. The standard mean deviations of Li and S isotope determinations are +/- 0.32 and +/- 0.52 ‰, respectively. The mean 2SE of Sr isotope determinations is +/- 0.000015. In the dataset, The given ‰ values are equivalent to mUr (milli Urey)

Description: The data consist of detrital rutile trace element geochemistry of the 6.91–2.64 Ma Baode Red Clay (three samples from the Miocene Baode Formation, five samples from the Pliocene Jingle Formation, and one sample from the Transitional Unit) and 14 potential sedimentary source areas in Central-East Asia. The data were collected using Nu Plasma AttoM single collector ICP-MS (Nu Instruments Ltd., Wrexham, UK) connected to an Analyte Excite 193 ArF laser ablation system (Photon Machines, San Diego, USA) at the Geological Survey of Finland. The rutiles were analysed for Li, Mg, Al, Si, P, Ca, Sc, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Sn, Sb, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Hf, Ta, W, Pb, Th, and U. The grain size fractions of the analysed grains were mostly 30–90 μm for the Red Clay zircons and rutiles, and 20–500 μm for the potential source area rutiles.

Description: Ocean circulation may have undergone reductions and reinvigorations in the past closely tied to regional climate changes. Measurements of 231Pa/230Th ratios in a sediment core from the Bermuda Rise have been interpreted as evidence that the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) was weakened or completely eliminated during a period of catastrophic iceberg discharges (Heinrich-Event 1, H1). Here we present new data from the Bermuda Rise that show further 231Pa/230Th peaks during Heinrich-2 (H2) and Heinrich-3 (H3). Additionally, a tight correlation between diatom abundances (biogenic silica) and 231Pa/230Th is discovered in this core. Our results redirect the interpretation of 231Pa/230Th from the Bermuda Rise as a proxy for ocean circulation towards a proxy that reacts highly sensitive to changes of particle composition and water mass properties.