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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Annales geophysicae 18 (2000), S. 1488-14501 
    ISSN: 0992-7689
    Keywords: Oceanography: general (limnology; numerical modeling) ; Oceanography: physical (internal and inertial waves)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We present results of various circulation scenarios for the wind-induced three-dimensional currents in Lake Constance, obtained with the aid of a semi-spectral semi-implicit finite difference code developed in Haidvogel et al. and Wang and Hutter. Internal Kelvin and Poincaré-type oscillations are demonstrated in the numerical results, whose periods depend upon the stratification and the geometry of the basin and agree well with measured data. By solving the eigenvalue problem of the linearized shallow water equations in the two-layered stratified Lake Constance, the interpretation of the oscillations as Kelvin and Poincaré-type waves is corroborated.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0992-7689
    Keywords: Oceanography: general (limnology; numerical modeling) ; Oceanography: physical (currents)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We study how a coastal obstruction (peninsula or coastal island) affects the three-dimensional barotropic currents in an oblong rectangular basin with variable bathymetry across the basin width. The transverse depth profile is asymmetric and the peninsula or island lies in the middle of the long side of the rectangle. A semi-spectral model for the Boussinesq-approximated shallow water equations, developed in Haidvogel et al. and altered for semi-implicit numerical integration in time in Wang and Hutter, is used to find the steady barotropic state circulation pattern to external winds. The structural (qualitative) rearrangements and quanti2tative features of the current pattern are studied under four principal wind directions and different lengths of the peninsula and its inclination relative to the shore. The essentially non-linear relationships of the water flux between the two sub-basins (formed by the obstructing peninsula) and the corresponding cross-sectional area left open are found and analysed. It is further analysed whether the depth-integrated model, usually adopted by others, is meaningful when applied to the water exchange problems. The flow through the channel narrowing is quantitatively estimated and compared with the three-dimensional results. The dynamics of the vortex structure and the identification of the up-welling/down-welling zones around the obstruction are discussed in detail. The influence of the transformation of the peninsula into a coastal island on the global basin circulation is considered as are the currents in the channel. The geometric and physical reasons for the anisotropy of the current structure which prevail through all obtained solutions are also discussed.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Annales geophysicae 13 (1995), S. 893-906 
    ISSN: 0992-7689
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Lake Onega is located in the southern part of Karelia, in the north-west of Russia. We report data taken by various limnigraphs and current meters and isolate, by spectral analysis, the most conspicuous barotropic periods of these signals. The analysis that follows is based on the linearized shallow-water equations, that are solved for the free oscillations and thus identify the eigenperiods and corresponding mode structures for this lake. Computational results are presented for a finite difference representation for these surface-seiche equations applied to the entire Lake Onega including its bays. The grid consists of quadratic elements of 1000 m side length corresponding to 9344 active cells. The emerging matrix eigenvalue problem exceeds the storage and compuational capacity of standard PCs or workstations and thus requires use of the approximate Lanczos procedure to isolate the first ten eigenperiods and corresponding mode structures of the barotropic seiches, lying between 12.1 and 2.2 h. Comparison of computational results and inferences from the water level and current-meter records, disclose satisfactory agreement between theory and observation.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 3 (1978), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 14 (1982), S. 87-130 
    ISSN: 0066-4189
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Computational Physics 66 (1986), S. 132-150 
    ISSN: 0021-9991
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Computer Science , Physics
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Meteorology and atmospheric physics 31 (1982), S. 361-378 
    ISSN: 1436-5065
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Ein räumlich eindimensionales Modell, das die klassische Chrystal-Gleichung erweitert und das Prinzip der Kelvin-Wellendynamik ersetzt, wird präsentiert. Das Modell besteht aus einem System partieller Differentialgleichungen, in dem die Bogenlänge einer vorgewählten Seeachse und die Zeit als unabhängige Variable auftreten. Es gestattet sowohl qualitativ wie quantitativ korrekte Vorhersage von Gravitationswellen in rotierenden Systemen. Das allgemeine lineare Modell, in welchem Bodenreibung und Impulsaustausch mit der Atmosphäre berücksichtigt sind, wird spezialisiert zu einem „Modell erster Ordnung” und findet anschließend Anwendung auf gerade und ringförmige Kanäle konstanter Tiefe. Ein Vergleich der Dispersionsgleichung für Kelvin-Wellen, Poincaré- und Inertial-Wellen mit jener der zweimdimensionalen Tidegleichungen zeigt, daß Krümmungseffekte gewöhnlich vernachlässigbar sind. Schließlich zeigen Linien konstanten Hubes und konstanter Phase, welche mit dem Kanalmodell für den Luganersee gerechnet wurden, daß diese mit der einfachsten Erweiterung der Chrystal-Gleichung genügend genau berechnet werden können.
    Notes: Summary A spatially one-dimensional model which extends the classical Chrystal equation and replaces the Kelvin wave dynamics approach is presented. It consists of a system of partial differential equations having the arc-length of a preselected lake axis and the time as independent variables and permits qualitatively and quantitatively correct prediction of gravitational waves in rotating systems. The general linear model accounting for bottom friction and atmospheric momentum input is specialized to a “first order” model and subsequently to a straight and ring shaped channel of constant depth. For the latter, a comparison of the dispersion relation of Kelvin-, Poincaré- and inertial-type waves with that of the two-dimensional tidal operator indicates that curvature effects of the lake can usually be ignored. Finally, results on co-range and co-tidal lines, obtained for lake of Lugano using extended models of different order prove that the simplest first order extension of the Chrystal equation is capable of predicting these with sufficient accuracy.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Continuum mechanics and thermodynamics 1 (1989), S. 239-265 
    ISSN: 1432-0959
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract This paper continues a series of studies on the plane flow of a pile of cohesionless granular material down a rough inclined plane. Internal and basal friction laws are assumed to obey the Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion but in contrast to previous investigations the angle of friction at the bottom of the pile is considered to depend on the position or on the velocity or on both. Similarity, i.e. shape preserving solutions are constructed. The depth of the pile and the profile of the total minus the centre of mass velocity are determined analytically, but the total length and the position of the centre of mass are calculated numerically. If the basal friction angle is constant, the centre of mass moves with constant acceleration and the length of the pile extends monotonically. These motions change, when the angle of friction varies along the pile — the length of the pile may extend, contract or remain stationary and the centre of mass motion may decelerate or even reach steady state. Eight special cases are exhibited which demonstrate the influence of the friction law on the speed and spread of the pile.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 82 (1985), S. 469-475 
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The chromosomes of WALKER (W-256) carcinoma cells have been separated into different DNA subclasses using DAPI for quantitative DNA staining and laser flow cytometry. The submetacentric marker chromosome could be isolated and its DNA content was determined to be 1.3 pg. One microgram marker DNA was obtained after separation of about 750 000 marker chromosomes by means of electronic flow sorting. The chromosomal composition of sorted fractions was analyzed by microscopy following banding of sorted chromosomes. The average morphological purity obtained was about 83%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 74 (1982), S. 57-61 
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A reproducible, simple and rapid protocol was developed to prepare mono-dispersed chromosome suspensions for flow cytometric analysis. The procedure basically employes: 1. twice rinsing of monolayer cultures to eliminate dead cells and cellular debris, 2. mild fixation of mitotic cells with 1% acetic acid, and 3. ultra sonic treatment to release single metaphase chromosomes. The procedure takes less than 30 min. Isolated chromosomes are storable over months at 4° C. Despite mild fixation many biochemical studies and experiments applied on such fixed chromosomes purified and enriched using electronic sorting are feasible: 1. gene and restriction mapping, 2. cloning of specific gene sequences, and 3. gene frequency analysis.
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