ALBERT

Description / Table of Contents: Part I. Introduction -- Chapter 1. Southern Baltic Coastal Systems Analysis: Questions, Conceptions and Red Threads -- Chapter 2. Coastal Ecosystems from a Social-Ecological Perspective -- Part II. Ecological Structures and Functions of the German Baltic Sea Coast -- Chapter 3. The Abiotic Background: Climatic, Hydrological and Geological Conditions of the Southern Baltic -- Chapter 4. Geological and Sedimentary Conditions -- Chapter 5. Environmental Conditions at the Coast: The Terrestrial Ecosystems -- Chapter 6. Environmental Conditions at the Coast: Shoreline Ecosystems -- Chapter 7. Ecosystem and Landscape Functions of the Coast: Recent Research Results -- Chapter 8: Benthic Habitats and Their Inhabitants -- Part III. Ecological Structures and Functions of Coastal Water and Offshore Ecosystems -- Chapter 9. Introducing the Ecological Aspects -- Chapter 10. Baltic Sea Aquatic Ecosystems in a Gradient from Land to Open Sea -- Chapter 11. Comparison of Abiotic Parameters and Dominant Primary Producers Between the Two Main Investigation Areas -- Chapter 12. Short-Term Variability, Long-Term Trends and Seasonal Aspects in the Darß-Zingst Bodden Chain -- Chapter 13. Carbon Fluxes/Food-Webs: Effect of Macrophytes on Food Web Characteristics in Coastal Lagoons -- Chapter 14. Ecological Structure in Benthic Habitats of Offshore Waters -- Chapter 15. Patterns of Bioturbation and Associated Matter Fluxes -- Chapter 16. Seasonal Aspects and Short-Term Variability of the Pelagic Offshore Ecosystems -- Chapter 17. Long-Term Trends of the Offshore Ecosystems -- Chapter 18. Nutrient and Limitation Regimes in Coastal Water Ecosystems -- Part IV. Combining the Aspects: Ecosystem Service Assessment -- Chapter 19. The Human Factor: Coastal Social-Ecological Systems -- Chapter 20. Introduction: The Concept of Ecosystem Service Assessment Applied to Coastal Systems -- Chapter 21. The Missing Links in Ecosystem Service Research -- Chapter 22. Eudaimonic Valuation of Cultural Ecosystem Services -- Chapter 23. Economic Valuation of Cultural Ecosystem Services -- Chapter 24. Spatial Ecosystem Service Assessment Across the Land-Sea-Interface -- Chapter 25. Temporal Changes in Aquatic Ecosystem Services Provision: Approach and Examples -- Chapter 26. Assessing Temporal Changes in Ecosystem Service Provisions: Conceiving Future Pathways -- Part V. Synthesis: Assessment as a Tool for Managing Coastal Ecosystems? -- Chapter 27. Applying the Integrated Approach -- Chapter 28. Mechanisms of Ecosystem Service Production: An Outcome of Ecosystem Functions and Ecological Integrity in Coastal Lagoons -- Chapter 29. Ecosystem Service Assessment in European Coastal and Marine Policies -- Chapter 30. Ecosystem Services and Sustainable Development: The Case for Strong Sustainability -- Chapter 31. Concluding Remarks.

Description / Table of Contents: Foreword -- Preface -- Part 1. General thoughts on transdisciplinarity, economics and ecology -- Chapter 1. Towards a transdisciplinary ecological economics: a cognitive approach -- Chapter 2. The ‘Tragedy of the Commons’ and the role of the money interest rate -- Chapter 3. Allocative efficiency and property rights in ecological economics: why we need to distinguish between man-made capital and natural resources -- Part 2. Chile -- Chapter 4. Subsidizing green deserts in southern Chile – between fast growth and sustainability of Forest Management -- Chapter 5. Land use as a socio-ecological system: developing a transdisciplinary approach to studies of land use change in south-central Chile -- Chapter 6. Between extractivism and conservation: tree plantations, forest reserves, and peasant territorialities in Los Ríos, Chile -- Chapter 7. Land tenure insecurity and forest conservation in Chile: the case of the Mapuche Huilliche indigenous communities in the coastal range rainforests of Mapu Lahual -- Chapter 8. Towards a New Forest Model for Chile: managing forest ecosystems to increase their social, ecological and economic benefits -- Chapter 9. On ecosystem dynamics for the conservation of wetlands and forest -- Part 3. Brazil -- Chapter 10. Transdisciplinary case study approaches to the ecological restoration of rainforest ecosystems -- Chapter 11. Forest governance in Brazil and Chile: institutions and practices in the implementation of sustainable management of native forests -- Chapter 12. Municipal private natural heritage reserves: uses and attributions of Natural Protected Areas in the city of Curitiba (PR) -- Chapter 13. Understanding adoption and design of incentive-based forest conservation policies: a case study of the SISA Program in Acre, Brazil -- Conclusions -- Index.

Description / Table of Contents: Brain Tissue Oxygen and BOLD fMRI Under Different Levels Of Neuronal Activity -- Cerebral Microcirculation and Oxygenation Modulation by Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation in Awake and Anesthetized Mice -- The Effect of Hypercapnia on Cortical Metabolic Rate and Mitochondrial Redox Status -- Relationship Between Left-Right Dominancy of Prefrontal Cortex Activity and Heart Rate During Rest and Task Periods: An fNIRS Study -- Relationship Between Cognitive Function, Oral Conditions and Systemic Metabolic Function in the Elderly -- Pro-survival Phenotype of HIF-1α: Neuroprotection through Inflammatory Mechanisms -- Infradian Rhythms in Cerebrovascular Oxygenation and Blood Volume in Humans at Rest: A 5-year Study -- Mechanisms of Photostimulation of Brain’s Waste Disposal System: the Role of Singlet Oxygen -- Changes of Arterial and Venous Cerebral Blood Flow Correlation in Moderate-to-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A CT Perfusion Study -- Cerebral Net Water Uptake in Posttraumatic Cerebral Ischemia -- Brainstem Damage Underlies Changes in Hypoxic Ventilatory Response following Cardiac Arrest and Resuscitation in Rats -- Differences Between Good, Moderate and Poor Performers of a Verbal Fluency Task under Blue Light Exposure: An SPA-fNIRS Study -- Sex-specific and Dose-dependent Effects of Drag-Reducing Polymers on Microcirculation and Tissue Oxygenation in Rats after Traumatic Brain Injury -- Accuracy of Tissue Oxygen Saturation Measurements of a Textile-based NIRS Sensor -- Understanding the Role of Caveolae in Oxygen Buffering: The Effect of Membrane Curvature -- The Significance of Lipids for the Absorption and Release of Oxygen in Biological Organisms -- How Skin Color Depends on Tissue Oxygenation -- Tissue Concentration Analysis of Sulfur, Calcium and Oxygen in novel Skin Primo Nodes After Acupuncture -- Primo Vessels Inside Lymphatic Vessels are Absent in an ALS Mouse Model -- The Impact of Heterogeneous Cell Density in Hypoxic Tumors Treated with Radiotherapy -- A Critical Analysis of Possible Mechanisms for the Oxygen Effect in Radiation Therapy with FLASH -- Hyperhydration of Cancers: A Characteristic Biophysical Trait Strongly Increasing O2, CO2, Glucose and Lactate Diffusivities, and Improving Thermophysical Properties of Solid Malignancies -- No Difference in Muscle Basal Oxygenation in a Bedridden Population pre and Post Rehabilitation -- Relationship between Muscle Deoxygenation and Cardiac Output in Subjects without Attenuation of Deoxygenation Hemoglobin Concentration near the end of Ramp Cycling Exercise: A Longitudinal Study -- Image Reconstruction Using Deep Learning for Near-Infrared Optical Tomography: Generalization Assessment -- Neonatal Brain Temperature Monitoring Based on Broadband Near-Infrared Spectroscopy -- Time Domain Near-Infrared Optical Tomography Utilizing Full Temporal Data: A Simulation Study -- BIAN: A Multilayer Microfluidic-Based Tissue-Mimicking Phantom for Near-Infrared Imaging -- Do Vascular and Extracellular Measurements Consistently Reflect Intracellular pO2? Observation of Tissue Oxygenation Changes using Remote Photoplesysmography with a Smartphone -- Neurovascular, Metabolic, and Glymphatic Dynamics of the Brain Measured with fNIRS -- Imaging Cerebral Blood Vessels Using Near-Infrared Optical Tomography: A Simulation Study -- Reduced Cerebrovascular Oxygenation in Individuals with Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome (PACS) (“Long COVID”) -- Insufficient Oxygen Supplementation During Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Leads to Unfavorable Biological Response While Hyperoxygenation Contributes to Metabolic Compensation -- Block of the Angiotensin Pathways Affects Flow-Volume Spirometry in Patients With SARS-CoV-2 Infection -- A Prospective Observational Pilot Study on the Effects of the Activity-based Stress Release Program on the Mental State and Autonomic Nervous System in Psychiatric patients. .

Description / Table of Contents: Involvement of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase in Cerebral Microcirculation and Oxygenation in Traumatic Brain Injury -- Imaging cerebral energy metabolism in healthy infants -- Changes in cerebral oxygenation and systemic physiology during a verbal fluency task: Differences between men and women -- Brain Tissue Conductivity in Focal Cerebral Ischemia -- Physical stress Attenuates Cognitive inhibition: An fNIRS Examination -- Changes in Prefrontal Cortical Oxygenation During Tilt Table Orthostatic Hypotension in Subarachnoid Haemorrhage Patients -- Effects of different optical properties of head tissues on near-infrared spectroscopy Using Monte Carlo Simulations -- Frontal cerebral oxygenation in humans at rest: A mirror symmetry in the correlation with cardiorespiratory activity -- Photomodulation of lymphatic delivery of bevacizumab to the brain: the role of singlet oxygen -- NIRS-based study of local cerebral oxygenation during transcranial direct current stimulation in patients with mild traumatic brain injury -- Postnatal Exposure to Brief Hypoxia Alters Brain VEGF Expression and Capillary Density in Adult Mice -- Impaired Cognitive Performance in Mice Exposed to Prolonged Hyperoxia -- Chronic Ketosis Modulates HIF1α-Mediated Inflammatory Response in Rat Brain -- Motor Imagery and Frontal Head Oxygenation: An fNIRS Study -- Non-invasive detection of persistent cortical hypoxia in Multiple Sclerosis using frequency domain near-infrared spectroscopy (fdNIRS) -- Evaluation of intraoperative end-tidal Carbon dioxide change relates to length hospitalization in peridiaphragmatic surgery: a pilot study -- Pulmonary Embolism in COVID-19 patients is not related to a worsening in tissue oxygenation -- Cardiovascular risk score and gas exchange in COVID-19 patients: no correlation -- Heme Oxygenase 1/ High Mobility Group Box 1 pathway may have a possible role in Covid-19 ARDS (Acute respiratory distress syndrome): a pilot histological study -- Silent Hypoxemia in COVID-19 pneumonia -- Low Flow and Microvascular Shunts: A Final Common Pathway to Cerebrovascular Disease: A Working Hypothesis -- A case of intracranial vertebral artery stenosis treated with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting guided by brain oximetry -- Assessment of Optimal Arterial Pressure with Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Traumatic Brain Injury Patients -- Effects of exercise-diet therapy on cognitive function in healthy elderly people evaluated by deep learning based on basic blood test data -- NIRS studies show reduced interhemispheric functional connectivity in individuals with Multiple Sclerosis that exhibit cortical hypoxia -- Eye Tracking Parameters Correlate With the Level of Cerebral Oxygen Saturation in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Preliminary Study -- Critical closing pressure of cerebral circulation at concomitant moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury -- Hybrid convolutional neural network (hCNN) for image reconstruction in near-infrared optical tomography -- Cross-frequency coupling between brain and body biosignals: A systemic physiology augmented functional near-infrared spectroscopy hyperscanning study -- Machine learning distinguishes familiar from unfamiliar pairs of subjects performing an eye contact task: A systemic physiology augmented functional near-infrared spectroscopy hyperscanning study -- Assessing Neurovascular Coupling Using Wavelet Coherence in Neonates With Asphyxia -- Basic examination of hemoglobin phase of oxygenation and deoxygenation in resting state and task periods in adults using fNIRS -- Development and validation of robust and cost-effective liquid heterogeneous phantom for time domain near-infrared optical tomography -- Effect of Exercise Therapy on Stress Response Evaluated by IoMT Monitoring System -- Improved optical tissue model for tissue oximetry imaging applications -- In vitro validation of a new tissue oximeter using visible light -- Photon and Proton Dose Painting based on Oxygen Distribution – Feasibility Study and Tumour Control Probability Assessment -- Effect of Acidosis-Induced Signalling Pathways on Mitochondrial O2 Consumption of Tumour Cells -- Feasibility of non-invasive measurement of tumor NAD(H) by in vivo phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy -- Acidosis-induced regulation of Egr1 and Ccn1 in vitro and in experimental tumors in vivo -- Perfusion-Limited Hypoxia Determines the Outcome of Radiation Therapy of Hypoxic Tumours -- Improved Oxygenation of Human Skin, Subcutis and Superficial Cancers upon Mild Hyperthermia Delivered by wIRA-Irradiation -- Blood Supply and Oxygenation Status of the Liver: From Physiology to Malignancy -- Optical Redox Imaging Is Responsive to TGFβ Receptor Signaling in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells -- Evaluation of betulinic acid derivatives as PET tracers for hypoxia-induced carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) expression -- Role of the mTOR signaling pathway during extracellular acidosis in tumor cells -- Feasibility Study of Remote Contactless Perfusion Imaging with Consumer-Grade Mobile Camera -- Stability of a Novel PEGylation site on a Putative Hemoglobin Based Oxygen Carrier -- Oxygen storage in stacked phospholipid membranes under an oxygen gradient as a model for myelin sheaths -- Confocal laser and electron microscopic investigation of gap junctions in anaplastic astrocytomas -- A radiation biological analysis of the oxygen effect as a possible mechanism in FLASH -- Assessment of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in human tissues by in vivo phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging at 1.5 Tesla -- Drag-Reducing Polymers Improve Vascular Hemodynamics and Tissue Oxygen Supply in Mouse Model of Diabetes Mellitus -- Hemorheologic Enhancement of Cerebral Perfusion increases oxygen supply and reduces Ab plaques deposition in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s Disease -- Calorimetric Characterization of the Binding Reaction Between Human Ferric Hemoglobins and Haptoglobin to Develop a Drug for Removal of Cell-Free Haemoglobin -- Feasibility To Measure Tissue Oxygen Saturation Using Textile-integrated Polymer Optical Fibers -- Effect of Atorvastatin on Microcirculation Evaluated by Vascular Occlusion Test with Peripheral Near lnfrared Spectroscop -- Flow characteristics of the conjugate of anti-CD3 monoclonal antibodies and magnetic nanoparticle in the PBS and the blood vessel -- Cerebrovascular Reserve (CVR) and Stages of Hemodynamic Compromise -- On the mechanism of sustained mitochondrial membrane potential without functioning complex IV -- Further evidence that gradients of extracellular pH direct migration of MDA-MB-231 cells in vitro -- Blood Flow and Respiratory Gas Exchange in the Human Placenta at Term: A Data Update -- Oxyhaemoglobin Level Measured Using Near-Infrared Spectrometer is Associated with Brain Mitochondrial Dysfunction After Cardiac Arrest in Rats -- Changes in Oxygenation Levels During Moderate Altitude Simulation (Hypoxia-Induced): A Pilot Study Investigating the Impact of Skin Pigmentation in Pulse Oximetry -- The Intramuscular Circulation is Affected by Neck and Shoulder Pain -- Intramuscular circulation of the lumbar multifidus in different trunk positions on standing -- Numerical Optimization of a NIRS Device for Monitoring Tissue Oxygen Saturation -- Upper trapezius muscle tonicity, assessed by palpation, relates to change in tissue oxygenation and structure as measured by Time-Domain Near Infrared Spectroscopy -- Perceived exertion correlates with multiple physiological parameters during cardiopulmonary exercise testing -- Systemic and Quadriceps Muscle O2 Dynamics in Subjects without Attenuation Point of Deoxygenated Hemoglobin Concentration during Ramp Cycling Exercise -- Jaw-Clenching Intensity Effects on Masseter Oxygen Dynamics and Fatigue: A NIRS Oximetry Study. .

Description / Table of Contents: Part I - Money and its role in the economy -- 1. Introduction: the world is on a collision course -- 2. What is money? -- 3. Money is like the ‘blood’ of the economy -- Part II Money and the unsustainability in stricto sensu -- 4. The growth imperative inherent in our financial system -- 5. The effect of the money interest rate on money supply, demand and growth -- 6. Economic growth in the long run is unsustainable -- 7. Economic growth or unemployment -- Part III. Money and inequality -- 8. Our current monetary system produces income inequality -- 9. Moral-ethic aspects of interest-induced inequality -- Part IV Natural money as solution -- 10. Gesell’s solution -- 11. Gesell’s Solution to achieve the SDGs -- 12. How to implement Gesell’s solution in today’s world -- 13. Alternatives to Gesell’s solution -- 14. Experiences with Gesell’s solution -- Part V Outlook and final considerations -- 15. Towards a Development at Human Scale -- 16. Economic resilience in presence of externals shocks -- 17. Final considerations.

Description / Table of Contents: Flow of ice -- Thermal structure -- Basal processes -- Tidewater glaciers -- Ice shelves D ocean interaction -- Polar meteorology -- Mass balance -- Numerical methods -- Inverse modeling -- Analytic ice sheet models and climate change -- Firn -- Ice cores -- Remote sensing -- Geophysics -- Geodynamics -- Paleo-ice sheets -- Geomorphology -- Glacier fluctuations -- Tropical glaciers -- Historical glaciology.

Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1-Why this Topic? -- Chapter 2-Global Warming Impact on Earth Systems -- Chapter 3-The IPCC Reports on Global Warming and Land Changes -- Chapter 4.NOAA Operational Environmental Satellites for Earth Monitoring -- Chapter 5-New Remote Sensing Vegetation Health Technology -- Chapter 6-Cause of Climate Warming -- Chapter 7- Land Cover Changes from Intensive Climate Warming -- Chapter 8-Global Warming Crop Yield and Food Security -- Chapter 9-Remote Sensing Malaria During Global Warming -- Chapter 10-Malaria Performance Trend During 1981-2022 -- Chapter 11-Remote Sensing Drought Watch and Food Security -- Chapter 12-Has Drought Intensified During 1981-2021 Global Warming?

Description / Table of Contents: Part 1. Litter dynamics: chapter 1. Litter Input (Arturo Elosegi & Jesús Pozo) -- Chapter 2. Leaf Retention (Arturo Elosegi) -- chapter 3. Manipulating Litter Retention in Streams (Michael Dobson) -- chapter 4. Coarse Benthic Organic Matter (Jesús Pozo & Arturo Elosegi) -- chapter5. Leaching (Felix Bärlocher) -- Chapter 6. Leaf Mass Loss Estimated by the Litter-Bag Technique (Felix Bärlocher) -- Chapter7. Determining Litter Mass Loss by the Plant Tagging Approach (Kevin A. Kuehn & Mark O. Gessner) -- Chapter 8. Wood Decomposition (Arturo Elosegi, Maite Arroita & Libe Solagaistua) -- Chapter9. Decomposition of Fine Particulate Organic Matter (Yoshimura Chihiro) -- Chapter10. Coarse Particulate Organic Matter Budgets (Jesús Pozo & Jon Molinero) -- Part 2. Chemical and Physical Leaf Properties. Chapter11. Total Phosphorus, Nitrogen, and Carbon in Leaf Litter (Mogens R. Flindt, Ana I. Lillebø, Javier Pérez & Verónica Ferreira) -- Chapter12. Total Protein (Mark O. Baerlocher) -- Chapter13. Free Amino Acids (Shawn D. Mansfield & Mark O. Baerlocher) -- chapter14. Determination of Total Carbohydrates (Shawn D. Mansfield) -- chapter15. Determination of Soluble Carbohydrates (Letitia da Ros, Faride Unda, Shawn D. Mansfield) -- Chapter16. Total Lipids (Mark O. Gessner & Paul T. M. Neumann) -- Chapter17. Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Decomposing Leaf Litter (Eric Von Elert) -- Chapter18. Total Phenolics (Felix Bärlocher & Manuel A.S. Graça) -- Chapter19. Radial Diffusion Assay for Tannins (Manuel A.S. Graça & Felix Bärlocher) -- Chapter20. Acid Butanol Assay to Determine Bulk Concentrations of Condensed Tannins (Mark O. Gessner & Daniel Steiner) -- Chapter21. Lignin and Cellulose (Mark O. Gessner) -- Chapter22. Physical Litter Properties: Leaf Toughness and Tensile Strength (Manuel A.S. Graça & Martin Zimmer) -- Part 3. Microbial Decomposers. Chapter23. Techniques for Handling Ingoldian Fungi (Enrique Descals) -- Chapter24. Maintenance of Aquatic Hyphomycete Cultures (Ludmila Marvanová) -- Chapter 25. An Illustrated Key to the Common Temperate Species of Aquatic Hyphomycetes (Vladislav Gulis, Ludmila Marvanová & Enrique Descals) -- Chapter26. Sporulation by Aquatic Hyphomycetes (Felix Bärlocher) -- Chapter 27. Ergosterol as a Measure of Fungal Biomass (Mark O. Gessner) -- Chapter 28. Fungal Growth Rates and Production (Keller Suberkropp, Mark O. Gessner & Kevin A. Kuehn) -- Chapter 29. Bacterial Abundance and Biomass Determination in Plant Litter by Epifluorescence Microscopy (Nanna Buesing & Mark O. Gessner) -- Chapter 30. Growth and Production of Litter-Associated Bacteria (Nanna Buesing, Mark O. Gessner & Kevin A. Kuehn) -- Chapter 31. Isolation of Cellulose-Degrading Bacteria (Jürgen Marxsen) -- Chapter 32. ATP as a Measure of Microbial Biomass (Manuela Abelho) -- Chapter 33. Respiration of Litter-Associated Microbes and Invertebrates (Manuel A.S. Graça & Manuela Abelho) -- Part 4. Molecular Microbial Community Analyses. Chapter34. Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (T-Rflp) to Estimate Fungal Diversity (Liliya G. Nikolcheva & Felix Bärlocher) -- Chapter 35. Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) to Estimate Fungal Diversity (Liliya G. Nikolcheva & Felix Bärlocher) -- Chapter36. Quantitative Real-Time PCR (qPCR) to Estimate Molecular Fungal Abundance (Christiane Baschien & J. Steffen C. Carl) -- Chapter 37. Metabarcoding of Litter-associated Fungi and Bacteria (Sofia Duarte, Christian Wurzbacher & Sahadevan Seena) -- Chapter 38. Identifying Active Members of Litter Fungal Communities by Precursor rRNA (Martina Štursová & Petr Baldrian) -- Chapter 39. Gene Expression Analysis of Litter-Associated Fungi Using RNA-Seq (Elizabeth C. Bourne, Paul R. Johnston, Elisabeth Funk & Michael T. Monaghan) -- Chapter 40. Metaproteomics of Litter-associated Fungi (Katharina M. Keiblinger & Katharina Riedel) -- Part 5. Enzymatic Capabilities. Chapter 41. Extractellular Fungal Hydrolytic Enzyme Activity (Shawn D. Mansfield) -- chapter 42. Cellulases (Martin Zimmer) -- Chapter 43. Viscosimetric Determination of Endocellulase Activity (Björn Hendel & Jürgen Marxsen) -- Chapter 44. Fluorometric Determination of The Activity of β-Glucosidase and other Extracellular Hydrolytic Enzymes (Björn Hendel & Jürgen Marxsen) -- Chapter 45. Pectin-degrading Enzymes: Polygalacturonase and Pectin Lyase (Keller Suberkropp) -- chapter 46. Lignin-degrading Enzymes: Phenoloxidase and Peroxidase (Björn Hendel, Robert L. Sinsabaugh & Jürgen Marxsen) -- Chapter 47. Phenol Oxidation (Martin Zimmer) -- Chapter 48. Proteinase Activity: Azocoll and Thin-layer Enzyme Assay (Manuel A.S. Graça & Felix Bärlocher) -- Part 6. Litter Consumers. Chapter 49. Processing of Aquatic Invertebrates Colonizing Decomposing Litter (John S. Richardson) -- chapter 50. Identifying Stream Invertebrates as Plant Litter Consumers (Luz Boyero, Richard G. Pearson, Ricardo J. Albariño, Marcos Callisto, Francisco Correa-Araneda, Andrea C. Encalada, Marcelo Moretti, Alonso Ramírez, April Sparkman, Christopher M. Swan, Catherine M. Yule & Manuel A.S. Graça) -- chapter 51. Shredder Feeding and Growth Rates (Manuel A.S. Graça & José M. González) -- chapter 52. Feeding Preferences (Cristina Canhoto, Manuel A.S. Graça & Felix Bärlocher) -- chapter 53. Energy Budget of Shredders (Manuel A.S. Graça) -- chapter 54. The Role of Shredders in Litter Dynamics at Stream Scale (José M. González & Manuel A.S. Graça) -- Part 7. Litter Manipulations. Chapter 55. Manipulation of Leaf Litter Stoichiometry (Julio Arce-Funck, Vincent Felten, Michael Danger) -- Chapter 56. Isotopic Labelling of Leaf-litter Nitrogen (Bernd Zeller, Severine Bienaimé & Etienne Dambrine) -- Chapter 57. Decomposition and Consumption Tablets (DECOTABSs) (Gea H. van Der Lee, Ellard R. Hunting, J. Arie Vonk & Michiel H.S. Kraak) -- chapter 58. Inoculation of Leaf Litter with Aquatic Hyphomycetes (Eric Chauvet) -- Part 8. Data Analyses. Chapter 59. A Primer for Statistical Analysis (Felix Bärlocher) -- Chapter 60. Determining Temperature-normalized Decomposition Rates (Mark O. Gessner & Frank Peeters) -- Chapter 61. Biodiversity Analysis (Felix Bärlocher) -- Chapter 62. A Bioinformatics Primer for the Analysis of Illumina MiSeq Data of Litter-associated Fungi and Bacteria (Sahadevan Seena, Sofia Duarte & Christian Wurzbacher) -- Chapter 63. A Primer for Meta-Analysis (Verónica Ferreira & Felix Bärlocher).

Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1: Problem and Fundaments.-Chapter 2. Idea-historical foundations and dubious (standard) objections to cost-benefit analysis -- Chapter 3. Frictions on the application level: costs and benefits, discounting, uncertainty, fact base -- Chapter 4. Collision of the cost-benefit analysis with liberal-democratic basic principles and the claim of validity of law -- Chapter 5. Cost-benefit analysis without convincing theoretical basis -- Chapter 6. Remaining relevance of cost-benefit elements in balancing.