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  • 1
    Publication Date: 1996-03-01
    Print ISSN: 0018-067X
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2540
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2005-04-20
    Print ISSN: 0018-067X
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2540
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2003-04-25
    Print ISSN: 0018-067X
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2540
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2012-09-19
    Print ISSN: 0018-067X
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2540
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Vector efficiency of 20 Rhopalosiphum padi clones, originating from Europe, North America and North Africa and exhibiting different types of life cycle, was evaluated by transmitting a French BYDV-PAV isolate to barley plants under five different acquisition/inoculation sequences (AAP/IAP). Differences between clones in transmission efficiency were found only when a short AAP was followed by a long IAP (6 h/120 h) and, to some extent, when a long AAP (48 h) was followed by a short IAP (6 h), but no differences were found when the conditions for virus transmission were optimal, i.e. long AAP followed by long IAP (48 h/120 h). There were no differences in transmission rates by clones of different geographical origins and with different life cycles. As a consequence, clonal variation is probably of little importance in the vector aspects of the epidemiology of PAV serotypes transmitted by R. padi, but the availability of a range of clones exhibiting transmission differences under limiting AAP or IAP conditions could be of interest for studies of virus–vector relationships.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 40 (1991), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: As pasture grasses are preponderant in the agriculture of western France, their role as reservoirs of barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) and its aphid vectors has been studied from 1984 to 1986. Aphids were observed on most crops of five pasture grass species (brome grass, cocksfoot, tall fescue, Italian and perennial ryegrass) but in very low numbers. Rhopalosiphum padi was the most numerous species. The incidence of BYDV was high, with levels of infection ranging from 6 to 80% depending on the species of pasture grasses. Fescue pastures were highly infected with BYDV, whereas the virus was not detected in cocksfoot pastures. PAV-, RPV-, MAV-like isolates of BYDV were detected in pasture grasses, but RPV- and MAV-like isolates were only detected from ryegrass and brome grass, respectively. The role of these grasses as source of viruliferous aphids infecting cereals is discussed.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 61 (1993), S. 62-68 
    ISSN: 0022-2011
    Keywords: Sitobion avenae; Erynia neoaphidis; rate of increase; fecundity; simulation
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The role of 3 species ofEntomophthoraceae on cereal aphids in the West of France from 1975 to 1978 was compared. Almost all the infected aphids were killed byErynia neoaphidis Remaud. & Henn.,Conidiobolus obscurus (Hall & Dunn), Remaud. & Keller andEntomophthora planchoniana Cornu. A study of the distribution of the different species ofEntomophthoraceae during the year shows thatE. neoaphidis has the longest period of activity and infects most aphids. C. obscurus generally disappears in winter after an abundant formation of resting spores and reappears during the spring. On each sampling date,C. obscurus infects generally no more than 25% of the diseased aphids.E planchoniana occurs essentially during the summer and autumn on aphids living on maïze on which it seems to spread efficiently. On winter wheat the action ofE. neoaphidis andC. obscurus is different, depending on the species of aphid and on the position occupied by the aphids on the plant:E. neoaphidis is more pathogenic forM. dirhodum than forS. avenae andC. obscurus seems more pathogenic for the aphids (whatever the species) on leaves than for the aphids on ears. Finally the efficiency ofE. neoaphidis, C. obscurus andE. planchoniana relative to the size of the populations of the different samples was studied: the pathogenicity ofE. neoaphidis seems to be density independant, whereas the development ofC. obscurus in the colonies is slower than the rate at which they increase in size. Little is known about the pathogenicity ofE. planchoniana because of the lack of material. The prevalence ofE. neoaphidis is explained by its adaptation to the anholocycly of the aphids, by the broad spectrum of species it infects and by the numerous conidia it produces in a moist atmosphere. This species seems to have the best potential as an agent of biological control in cereal but currently its mass production poses problems.
    Notes: Résumé L'étude comparée de l'action limitative de 3 espèces d'Entomophthoraceae sur les pucerons des céréales a été effectuée dans l'Ouest de la France (Bassin de Rennes essentiellement) de 1975 à 1978. La quasi-totalité des cas de mycose sont dus àErynia neoaphidis Remaud. & Henn.,Conidiobolus obscurus (Hall & Dunn) Remaud. & Keller etEntomophthora planchoniana Cornu. L'analyse de la répartition des différentesEntomophthoraceae au cours de l'année montre queE. neoaphidis est l'espèce qui a la plus grande période d'activité (elle se manifeste pendant pratiquement toute l'année sur les populations anholocycliques) et qui infecte, à un moment donné, le plus de pucerons.C. obscurus disparaît en général en hiver après la formation abondante de spores durables et ne réapparaît qu'au cours du printemps. D'une année sur l'autre, à un instant donné,C. obscurus est rarement déterminé sur plus de 25% du total des pucerons mycosés récoltés. Enfin,E. planchoniana a une période d'activité essentiellement estivale qui peut se prolonger en automne sur les pucerons pullulant sur maïs. C'est sur ces derniers qu'elle semble la plus efficace. Sur blé d'hiver, l'action apparente deE. neoaphidis et deC. obscurus n'est pas la même selon l'espèce de pucerons et la position de ceux-ci sur la plante:E. neoaphidis est encore plus pathogène pourM. dirhodum que pourS. avenae etC. obscurus semble davantage parasiter les pucerons situés sur le feuillage que ceux situés sur les épis. Enfin, l'étude de l'action deE. neoaphidis, C. obscurus etE. planchoniana en fonction de la taille de la colonie (ou du «groupe» de pucerons) montre que l'action deE. neoaphidis semble indépendante de la densité de pucerons alors que le développement deC. obscurus dans les colonies est moins rapide que l'augmentation de taille de celles-ci. D'une manière générale, l'action deE. planchoniana est moins bien connue du fait du manque de matériel. La prédominance deE. neoaphidis s'explique par l'excellente adaptation de cette espèce à l'anholocyclie des pucerons, par sa faible spécificité à l'intérieur du groupe des aphides et par le nombre important de conidies qu'elle projette en atmosphère saturante. Cette espèce semble avoir les meilleures potentialités entomopathogènes en tant qu'agent de lutte biologique en cultures céréalières, mais son emploi futur sera subordonné à sa production de masse sous forme stable et pathogène.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary This 4th study on epizootics that occur in the populations of the black bean aphid in Brittany, deals with data obtained between 1972 and 1974 using large samples (100 to 300 plants). The results concern mainlyNeozygites fresenii (Nowak) Remaudière & Keller. In 1972, the weather was not very changeable and always favourable for the fungi (table 1). The number of healthy aphids as well as the number of diseased ones, followed a remarkably regular exponential curve. As a result, the variation of the percentage of dead aphids was very sudden (fig. 1, fig. 2). The disease appeared in the fields at the same time as the aphids themselves; so it is possible to think that several species of winged aphids play a part in the introduction of the 1st inoculum into the field (table 2). At its beginning, the development of the disease was not homogeneous in space (table 4). The foremost diseased aphids could be found in any colony whatever its size, but before long it was found that the biggest colonies contained the greatest number of diseased aphids (table 3). Though this relation remained during the continuation of the epizooty, it was a loose one (table 5). At a given time, within colonies of a given size, the percentage of dead aphids was very variable (fig. 3). The adults (winged and apterae)_were systematically more diseased than the nymphs, but the difference became smaller as time went on, and it finally disappeared at the end of the epizooty (table 6). Some years in July, the diseased aphids could form resting spores; in 1972, 2.6% of them formed resting spores, and the spatial dispersion of these individuals was very regular (table 7).
    Notes: Résumé Dans l'ensemble d'études consacrées aux épizooties àEntomophthoraceae surAphis fabae (Scopoli) en Bretagne, ce travail présente les résultats obtenus de 1972 à 1974 à l'aide d'échantillons importants (100 à 300 plantes). Ces résultats concernent principalementNeozygites fresenii (Now.)Remaudière & Keller. En 1972, les conditions climatiques sont tamponnées et constamment favorables aux mycoses. Le nombre d'aphides sains et d'aphides mycosés suit une évolution exponentielle particulièrement régulière; l'effet (évolution du pourcentage de mycosés) n'en est pas moins très brusque. L'arrivée des mycoses dans la parcelle a lieu en même temps que celle des pucerons, ce qui plaide en faveur d'une contamination exogène à laquelle prendraient part les ailés de différentes espèces. Le début du développement de la maladie n'est pas homogène dans l'espace. Les tout premiers mycosés apparaissent dans n'importe quelle colonie, mais très vite on constate que ce sont les colonies les plus grosses qui comportent le plus de mycosés. Cependant, cette relation, qui reste valable pendant la suite de l'épizootie, est très lâche. A un moment donné de son déroulement, quelle que soit la taille des colonies concernées, il y a une large gamme de variabilité dans leur taux de parasitisme. Les formes adultes sont systématiquement plus mycosées que les formes larvaires, mais la différence s'amenuise jusqu'à s'annuler à la fin de l'épizootie. En juillet, selon les années, les pucerons mycosés peuvent ou non former des spores durables; en 1972, seulement 2,6 % d'entre eux en forment, mais la répartition de ces individus dans le champ est très homogène.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Several species ofEntomophthora take part in the natural control ofAphis fabae Scop. on field beans (Vicia faba) in the West of France. The respective importance of each species was assessed in 1971 and from 1973 to 1975. Entomophthora fresenii Nowak. is the species that most completely and quickly spreads in the fields, and the most efficient in the colonies. For both reasonsE. fresenii is the main pathogen ofA. fabae in the West of France 3 years over 4. AlthoughEntomophthora aphidis Hoffman occurs every year, this species was the most efficient pathogen in 1973 only.Entomophthora thaxteriana Petch just occurred in 1974 and 1975 and, these years, its contribution in the total sum of infected aphids was low.Entomophthora planchoniana Cornu appeared in 1975 only, very late in the season, which makes its pathogenicity difficult to assess. Factors inherent to the pathogen (specificity ofE. fresenii, nature of its cycle, dependence of the aggregation of aphids) and ecological factors such as response to climate variations, may at least to a great extent explain the predominance ofE. fresenii. All these factors must be studied for a good understanding of this species.
    Notes: Résumé Plusieurs espèces d'Entomophthora participent à la régulation des populations d'Aphis fabae Scop. sur féverole dans l'Ouest de la France. Les rôles respectifs de chaque espèce ont été évalués en 1971 et de 1973 à 1975. Entomophthora fresenii Nowak. est l'espèce qui se dissémine le plus rapidement et le plus complètement dans les parcelles, et qui est la plus agressive au niveau des colonies. Ces deux caractères en font l'agent pathogène dominant d'A. fabae dans l'Ouest, 3 années d'observations sur 4.Entomophthora aphidis Hoffman, bien que présent tous les ans n'est le pathogène le plus efficace qu'en 1973.Entomophthora thaxteriana Petch etEntomophthora planchoniana Cornu n'apparaissent pas chaque année et, lorsqu'ils sont présents, n'interviennent que pour une faible part dans le développement des mycoses. Des facteurs inhérents à l'agent pathogène (spécificité, caractères du cycle) ainsi que des facteurs écologiques (climatiques) sont évoqués pour expliquer la prédominance d'E. fresenii.
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