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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Protection of pollen germination from adverse temperatures: a possible role for proline (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 6 (1983), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract After germination, pollen grains of Lilium longiflorum became very sensitive to short periods of heat stress as shown by the greatly reduced germination percentages upon subsequent incubation at the optimal temperature. Addition of proline to the incubation medium made pollen more resistant to heat. It was demonstrated that in a short time a large amount of proline was taken up by the cell. Germination and metabolic functions were completely or partially protected from heat damage by proline treatment. As well, it was shown that proline treatment at least partially protected pollen grains from cold stress. These results suggest that the high proline concentrations found in pollen of many species may confer resistance to germinating pollen grains at unfavourable temperatures thereby enhancing the chances of successful fertilization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-3040.ep11588117
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Qualitative changes in protein synthesis in germinating pollen of Lilium longiflorum after a heat shock (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 7 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Germination and protein synthesis of lily pollen subjected to a short heat shock after imbibition are strongly inhibited. The proteins synthesized after the heat shock were analysed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The patterns obtained from heat-treated pollen are strikingly different from those of control samples. The difference is nearly completely climinated by a high concentration of proline in the incubation medium. This proline effect correlates with the protection of pollen germination from high temperature by the amino acid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-3040.ep11572397
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of exogenous auxin on root morphology and secondary metabolism in Tagetes patula hairy root cultures (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 93 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In this paper the effects of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) on growth of Tagetes patula hairy root cultures and secondary product formation are presented. The biosynthesis of thiophenes, sulfurous compounds with nematicidal activity, was inhibited by IAA application, as was evident from a decrease of [35S] sulfur incorporation. The inhibition only occurred after the roots had developed numerous laterals as a result of auxin action. However, in roots cultured in the absence of IAA, there was no significant correlation between branching and thiophene accumulation. Therefore, development of lateral roots is not a sufficient condition for a low capacity to synthesize thiophenes. The highest rate of thiophene accumulation in the roots culture is at its maximum. Hence, growth and the production of thiophenes appear to be compatible in T. Patula hair roots.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1995.tb02222.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Control of thiophene accumulation in calli of two Tagetes species (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 76 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The relation between root differentiation and accumulation of biocidal thiophenes was studied in stem calli of two Tagetes species. Disorganized tissues of T. erecta were low in thiophene production. A sharp rise in thiophene content coincided with the emergence of roots on the calli. Root regeneration and the amount of thiophenes produced were found to be quantitatively related. Callus tissues of T. minuta did not differentiate into organs. Nevertheless, they accumulated thiophenes throughout the incubation period. Light at 12 W m- stimulated thiophene production in T. erecta without having an apparent effect on root regeneration. In T. minuta even low irradiance levels (2 W m∼2) strongly inhibited thiophene accumulation. Under favorable conditions thiophene concentrations in calli of both species were comparable to or somewhat lower than the levels in roots on the plants and in excised, cultured roots of T. erecta. We conclude that in calli of T. erecta thiophene accumulation is coupled to root regeneration whereas a different control mechanism allowing for accumulation in disorganized tissues is operative in T. minuta.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1989.tb05633.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of ethylene in auxin-induced flower bud formation in tobacco explants (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 78 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The effect of ethytene on in vitro flower bud formation in thin-layer explants from tobacco pendicels (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Samsun) was studied Endogenous ethylene production was stimulated by l-minocyclopropanc-l-carhoxylic acid (ACT), and inhibited by aminoethoxyviny lglycine (AVG). resulting in higher and lower ethylene accumulation. respectively. In the presence of an elevated ethylene concentration, the number of flower buds formed after 7 days of culture in explants was increased, compared with the control. Treatment with AVG or with AgNO3 which blocks ethylene action resulted in decreased bud numbers after 7 days of culture. A different effect of ethylene was visible after 14 days of culture, when regeneration was complete. Treatment with AgNO3 led to more bud regeneration, and increasing ethylene concentrations to lower bud numbers. The endogenous production of ethylene was enhanced by high concentrations of 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA).The inhibitory effect of applied ethylene was almost 100% in explants cultured at low concentrations of NAA (below 1 μM). but hardly visible at high concentrations (4.5 μM). As a consequence, the optimal NAA concentration shifted to a higher value in the presence of ethylene. These results are interpreted as a reduction in tissue sensitivity to auxin and in regenerative capability by ethylene. The effect of ethylene on auxin action is not exerted at the level of hormone concentration. Neither NAA uptake nor conversion to conjugates was effected by ethylene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1990.tb02076.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of flower buds in thin-layer cultures of floral stalk tissue from tobacco: Role of hormones in different stages (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 61 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The in vitro development of flower buds was studied on tissue explants of epidermis and subepidermal cortex from the flower stalks of Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Samsun. The number of flower buds formed depended mainly on cytokinin concentration. Auxin acted as a modifier in a complex way. In early development, NAA at 1 μM decreased the number of buds initiated and delayed bud emergence. At a later stage, auxin promoted bud outgrowth at the same concentration. Optimal results were obtained when explants were first incubated at low auxin concentration for 3–5 days and subsequently transferred to an elevated auxin level. Physiological processes that lead to flower bud initiation start very soon after the onset of incubation. This was inferred from experiments whereby explants were first cultured at an inductive cytokinin concentration and then transferred to a non-inductive hormone level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1984.tb06109.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Uptake and metabolism of benzyladenine in the early stage of flower bud development in vitro in tobacco (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 74 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Benzyladenine (BA) was found to regulate the number of flower buds regenerated in vitro from pedicel tissue of tobacco. Flower bud induction was particularly sensitive to BA levels in the range of 0.45 to 1.0 μM, where a two-fold increase in concentration caused a threefold rise in the number of buds. When tissues were fed radioactive BA for 24h, only 9–12% of the counts were recovered in the original compound. The rest was present in metabolites, tentatively identified as the mono-, di- and triribotides, 7- and 9-glucosides and 9-riboside of BA. The amount of growth regulator taken up and the quantities of BA and its metabolites in the explants were all linearly related to the concentration of the medium. The internal BA concentration was ca 60% of the level in the medium after 24 h. When the concentration in the medium was raised, relatively more BA remained in the non-conjugated form. However, this change in the equilibrium between BA and the conjugates is too small to account for the steep rise in the curve representing concentration vs effect between 0.45 and 1.0 μM.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1988.tb04950.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metabolism of 1-naphthaleneacetic acid in explants of tobacco: Evidence for release of free hormone from conjugates (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of plant growth regulation 9 (1990), S. 27-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-8107
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid (1-NAA), required for in vitro flower bud formation, was taken up by pedicel explants of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) in large amounts and rapidly metabolized into various conjugates. These conjugates have been tentatively identified in four thin-layer Chromatographic systems using authentic standards as references. The major metabolite formed during the first hours of culture comigrated with 1-NAA-glucoside (1-NAGlu). From the 6th hour on, most 1-NAA had been converted into a yet unidentified metabolite. 1-NAglu was an intermediate in the formation of this metabolite. After 24 h, 1-NAA-aspartate (1-NAAsp) became the second major metabolite. The increase in 1-NAAsp formation was induced by 1-NAA. The inactive analog 2-naphthaleneacetic acid (2-NAA) was metabolized similar to 1-NAA, but was unable to increase the formation of the aspartate conjugate. When explants were fed labeled 1-NAGlu, 1-NAAsp or the major unidentified metabolite, radioactivity became associated with free 1-NAA and all major conjugates, indicating interconversion of conjugates and breakdown to free 1-NAA. A regulatory role of conjugation in maintaining a particular level of free 1-NAA in the tissue is proposed herein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02041938
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The synaptinemal complex in yeast (1968)
    Springer
    Chromosoma 25 (1968), S. 104-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The occurrence of a synaptinemal complex in yeast was demonstrated by an electron-microscopical examination of meiotic prophase I. The complex is formed during the interval between the maximum of meiotic DNA synthesis and the first division.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00338237
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The dose of 1-naphthaleneacetic acid determines flower-bud regeneration in tobacco explants at a large range of concentrations (1990)
    Springer
    Planta 180 (1990), S. 410-415 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Auxin (flower bud, dose) ; Cell culture (flower bud formation) ; Flower bud formation ; Nicotiana (flower bud formation)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Short-term applications of very high concentrations of 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) to expiants from flower stalks of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Samsun) induced flower-bud regeneration to the same extent as longer or continuous incubation on lower concentrations. The maximum number of flower buds per explant after 15 d of culture was obtained not only by continuous culturing at 1 μmol·l−1 NAA but also by 12 h of culturing at 22 μmol·l−1 or 0.5 h at 220 μmol· l−1, followed by incubation on medium without auxin for the remaining period. Continuous application of such high concentrations resulted in callus formation or caused the death of the explanted tissue. In all experiments in which auxin concentration and time of application were independently varied, the product of concentration and time determined the number of buds formed. Most, but not all, of the NAA taken up by the tissues was converted into conjugates. In expiants which had received a dose which was optimal for regeneration, the internal concentration of free NAA remaining beyond the pulse period was between 1.7 and 6.2 μmol·l−1. Suboptimal applications led to lower values, supraoptimal treatments to much higher internal concentrations. The physiological effect, which depends on the internal hormone concentration, thus manifested itself as dose-dependent with regard to applied hormone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01160397
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