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  • 1
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    Onde amortie de type Rayleigh à l'interface de deux mililieux solides a fort contrast de densités et de vitesses (1971)
    In:  Geophys. Prospecting, New York, Am. Soc. Mech. Eng., vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 412-429, pp. L24306, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1971
    Keywords: Rayleigh waves ; Layers ; Channel waves
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 2
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    Longwave surface radiation over the globe from satellite data - An error analysis (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Errors have been analyzed for monthly-average downward and net longwave surface fluxes derived on a 5-deg equal-area grid over the globe, using a satellite technique. Meteorological data used in this technique are available from the TIROS Operational Vertical Sounder (TOVS) system flown aboard NOAA's operational sun-synchronous satellites. The data used are for February 1982 from NOAA-6 and NOAA-7 satellites. The errors in the parametrized equations were estimated by comparing their results with those from a detailed radiative transfer model. The errors in the TOVS-derived surface temperature, water vapor burden, and cloud cover were estimated by comparing these meteorological parameters with independent measurements obtained from other satellite sources. Analysis of the overall errors shows that the present technique could lead to underestimation of downward fluxes by 5 to 15 W/sq m and net fluxes by 4 to 12 W/sq m.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: International Journal of Remote Sensing (ISSN 0143-1161); 14; 1; p. 95-114.
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Downward longwave surface radiation from sun-synchronous satellite data - Validation of methodology (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: An extensive study has been carried out to validate a satellite technique for estimating downward longwave radiation at the surface. The technique, mostly developed earlier, uses operational sun-synchronous satellite data and a radiative transfer model to provide the surface flux estimates. The satellite-derived fluxes were compared directly with corresponding ground-measured fluxes at four different sites in the United States for a common one-year period. This provided a study of seasonal variations as well as a diversity of meteorological conditions. Dome heating errors in the ground-measured fluxes were also investigated and were corrected prior to the comparisons. Comparison of the monthly averaged fluxes from the satellite and ground sources for all four sites for the entire year showed a correlation coefficient of 0.98 and a standard error of estimate of 10 W/sq m. A brief description of the technique is provided, and the results validating the technique are presented.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Climate and Applied Meteorology (ISSN 0733-3021); 25; 1012-102
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Infrared limb-darkening effects for the earth-atmosphere system (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: AIAA Journal (ISSN 0001-1452); 23; 405-409
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    Preferential concentration of certain elements in smaller aerosols emitted from aircraft engines (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Aerosols from aircraft engines were collected with an eight-stage cascade sampler for a period of 24 h. The aerosol samples from each stage were analyzed for their elemental composition using the proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) technique. Seventeen elements (Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, V, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Br, Sr, Nb, Sn, and Pb) were positively identified and quantitated at each stage. Six elements (S, Ca, Fe, Zn, Sn, and Pb) showed a fractional concentration increase with decreasing aerosol size. Similar, but less well-defined, trends were also observed for V and Ni. Silicon and chlorine, on the other hand, showed an opposite trend. Neutron-activation analysis of bulk aerosol samples collected every 2 h over the same period showed a correlation between concentration of Si, Ca, V, Ti, Zn, Br, and Sn and the density of air traffic at the airport. Analysis of the aviation-fuel samples by PIXE indicates that major fractions of Pb, Sn, Br, Zn, Ni, Fe, V, Ca, and S observed in these aerosol studies come from the aircraft engine exhaust.
    Keywords: ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION
    Type: Journal of Applied Physics; 46; Oct. 197
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
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    ERBE and AVHRR Cirrus cloud fire study (1990)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Understanding the impact of cirrus clouds on the global radiation budget is essential to determining the role of clouds in the process of climate change. The ongoing Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) is charged with measuring the global radiation balance at the top of the atmosphere. The International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) is measuring global cloud amounts and properties over a time frame similar to ERBE. Specific cloud properties are absent from the ERBE program, while ISCCP lacks the broadband radiances necessary to determine the total radiation fields. Together, results from these two global programs have the potential for improving the knowledge of the relationship between cirrus clouds and the Earth radiation balance. The First ISCCP Regional Experiment (FIRE), especially its cirrus Intensive Field Observations (IFO), provides opportunities for studying radiation measurements from the ERBE taken over areas with known cirrus cloud properties. Satellite measurements taken during the IFO are used to determine the broadband radiation fields over cirrus clouds and to examine the relationship between narrowband and broadband radiances over various known scenes. The latter constitutes the link between the ERBE and the ISCCP.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: FIRE Science Results 1988; p 123-127
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
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    A radiative transfer model for surface radiation budget studies (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A high resolution spectral radiative transfer model of the troposphere for computing downwelling radiance and flux density at the surface in the 5-200 micron region has been developed. The model is fast and accurate and takes into consideration all major and minor constituents active in this region, namely, water vapor, carbon dioxide, ozone, nitrous oxide, and methane. It uses the quasi-random band model of absorption for computing atmospheric transmittances due to various bands. Continuum absorption by water vapor in the 8-14 micron region has also been taken into account. The model has been used to examine the sensitivity of downwelling flux to variations of surface water vapor pressure (or surface relative humidity), water vapor scale-height and concentrations of other gaseous constituents of the atmosphere. In addition, sensitivity to changes in a number of cloud parameters, namely, fractional cloud cover, cloud height, and high-cloud emissivity, has also been examined. Results obtained with the present model compare well with those from the empirical and semi-empirical correlations. The present work demonstrates, for the first time, the feasibility of using a high-resolution narrow-band model for computing this flux for a meteorological application.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND STATISTICAL PHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer (ISSN 0022-4073); 29; May 1983
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 8
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    Downward longwave radiation at the surface from satellite measurements (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A new technique is presented for generating downward longwave flux at the earth's surface from satellite meteorological data and a radiative transfer model. The technique was tested by using TIROS-N data from 41 passes over a ground site covering a period of one month. Satellite-derived fluxes were compared with those measured by a ground-based pyrgeometer during each overpass. The standard error of the satellite-derived fluxes relative to the mean ground-measured values was found to be 6.5 percent.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Climate and Applied Meteorology (ISSN 0733-3021); 22; 1956-196
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 9
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    Pulsed emission of TeV gamma rays from Vela pulsar (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-11
    Description: The Ooty atmospheric Cerenkov array, consisting of 10 parabolic mirrors of 0.9 m diameter and 8 of 1.5 m diameter, was used for observations on the Vela pulsar to see if it emits gamma rays in the TeV energy range. During the winter of 1984-85, the array was split into two parts: (1) consisting wholly of the smaller mirrors, and (2) wholly of the bigger mirrors. The two arrays were operated at two different sites to distinguish a marginally significant genuine pulsar signal from spurious signals produced trivially by chance fluctuations in the background rates. All the mirrors were pointed at the celestial object to track it for durations of the order of 1 to 6 hours during clear moonless nights. The event time data is analyzed to detect a possible pulsed emission of TeV gamma rays using the contemporaneous pulsar elements on the basis of their radio observations on the Vela pulsar. Results from the analyses of observations made during the winters of 1982-83 and 1984-85 on steady pulsed emission and on possible transient emission is presented.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: 19th Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf - Vol. 1; p 159-160; NASA-CP-2376-VOL-1
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 10
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    Infrared limb-darkening effects for the earth-atmosphere system (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: An infrared radiative transfer model has been developed for evaluating anisotropic functions in the longwave region (5-50 microns) due to limb-darkening effects in the earth's atmosphere. An accurate narrow-band model of absorption has been used for computing transmission functions of the atmosphere. Absorption due to all major and minor atmospheric constituents has been taken into account including the continuum absorption due to water vapor. Anisotropic functions have been calculated for several latitudinal and seasonal climatological-average model atmospheres. The effects of the variability of various meteorological parameters, e.g. surface temperature, surface relative humidity, and cloud-top height have been examined. It has been found that the variability of cloud parameters has the largest effect on the infrared anisotropic functions.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: AIAA PAPER 83-0161
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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