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  • 1
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: antixenosis ; host-plant resistance ; host preference ; oviposition behaviour ; contact chemoreception ; glucosinolates ; Delia radicum ; Delia floralis ; Anthomyiidae ; Diptera ; Brassica ; Cruciferae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In Brassica crops differences in susceptibility to root fly attack can be largely attributed to antixenotic resistance. Plants of four genotypes (two swedes and two kales) with widely differing resistance in field trials, were compared in laboratory choice assays for their susceptibility to oviposition by the root flies Delia radicum (L.) and D. floralis (Fallen) (Diptera, Anthomyiidae). For both species the preference among the genotypes corresponded to the susceptibility of the genotypes in the field. The preference ranking in response to surrogate leaves treated with methanolic surface extracts of the four genotypes was identical to the preference among potted plants, demonstrating that chemical factors on the leaf surface mediate host preference for oviposition in these species. For both species of fly, glucosinolates are major oviposition stimulants and for D. radicum an additional, nonglucosinolate oviposition stimulant, presently called CIF, is known. We describe a procedure for chromatographic separation of glucosinolates from CIF in leaf surface extracts. In oviposition-choice assays with D. radicum, the CIF-fractions of the two swede genotypes applied to surrogate leaves received a 1.8 and 4.6 times higher proportion of eggs than the respective glucosinolate-fractions, confirming the major importance of CIF as an oviposition stimulant. The genotype of swede that was preferred by both fly species in tests with plants and methanolic leaf surface extracts, also stimulated oviposition more in tests with the glucosinolate-fractions or the CIF-fractions derived from the surface extracts, respectively. Thus, glucosinolates and CIF together account for the observed preference among the genotypes and may also be responsible for their susceptibility under field conditions. In the two kale genotypes the preference for plants or surface extracts differed from the preference among the corresponding glucosinolate- and CIF-fractions, indicating that additional, as yet unknown chemical factors may also be involved. For both groups of stimulants tarsal chemoreceptors allow electrophysiological monitoring of glucosinolate- and CIF-activity in fractionated surface extracts. For D. radicum the chemosensory activity of both glucosinolate- and CIF-fractions corresponded to the respective behavioural activity in the oviposition preference tests, suggesting that preference for oviposition among genotypes can be predicted from the electrophysiological activity of their fractions. The chemosensory response of D. floralis, in particular to the CIF-fractions, was less pronounced than the response of D. radicum, indicating interspecific differences in the perception of the major oviposition stimulants. We discuss the potential application of electrophysiological techniques in support of other screening methods used in breeding for root fly resistance in Brassica crops.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Delia floralis ; turnip root fly ; oviposition stimuli ; chemoreception ; leaf surface chemistry ; Brassica ; host plant resistance ; glucosinolates
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The role of leaf surface compounds influencing the oviposition of the turnip root fly, Delia floralis, was investigated using bioassays and fractionation of leaf surface extracts from four Brassica genotypes. Polar leaf surface extracts contained between 65 and 175 nM/g leaf equivalent of glucosinolates. However, following fractionation it was found that nonglucosinolates were the major stimuli for D. floralis oviposition. Electrophysiological studies of leaf surface extracts and their fractions were performed by using D. radicum, the cabbage root fly, as an analytical tool. The most behaviorally active fractions contained stimulatory compound(s) that had an activity profile identical to that previously described for recently discovered nonglucosinolate compounds. The role of leaf surface chemicals in influencing antixenotic resistance to D. floralis is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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