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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Microchimica acta 131 (1999), S. 57-64 
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Keywords: Key words: dye-encapsulating liposomes; pH sensing; oxygen sensing; optochemical nanosensors.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract  This paper describes the optochemical pH and oxygen sensing properties of dye-encapsulating and fluorescently labeled nano-sized unilamellar liposomes. To prepare the oxygen sensitive liposomes a lipid mixture consisting of dimyristoylphospatidylcholine, cholesterol, and dihexadecyl phosphate (molar ratio 5:4:1) all dissolved in dry isopropyl alcohol is injected into a sensing dye solution. The mixture is then sonicated with a liposome maker to form dye-encapsulating liposomes. A lipid mixture consisting of dimyristoylphospatidylcholine, N-(fluorescein-5-thiocarbamoyl)-1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine triethylammonium salt (fluorescein DHPE), cholesterol, and dihexadecyl phosphate (molar ratio 20:1:16:4) is used to prepare the pH sensitive liposomes by the same sonication technique. Fluorescein labeled DHPE phospholipids are combined with DMPC phospholipids in a 1:20 ratio to incorporate the sensing dye directly into the bilayer membrane, virtually eliminating any instability due to dye leakage. Oxygen sensing liposomes are created by encapsulating the oxygen sensitive ruthenium tris(1,10)-phenanthroline complex [Ru(phen)3]. The dye is believed to exist both in free solution within the liposome, and as an adherent on the inner membrane of the liposome. High uniformity of the liposomes is realized by extruding them back and forth through a 100 nm pore-size polycarbonate membrane. TEM images of the liposomes, stained with uranyl acetate, show that the liposomes are unilamellar, spherical in shape, maintain high structural integrity, and average 70 nm in diameter. The liposomes show high stability with respect to dye leaking at room temperature for 8 days, and high photostability when exposed to the excitation light. Individual liposomes are used to monitor the pH and oxygen level in their vicinity during the enzymatic oxidation of glucose by the enzyme glucose oxidase. The newly prepared environmentally sensitive liposomes can be applied for non-invasive pH and oxygen determination in tissues and single biological cells.
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 1999-06-24
    Print ISSN: 0026-3672
    Electronic ISSN: 1436-5073
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Springer
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2021-10-01
    Description: A search for electroweak production of supersymmetric (SUSY) particles in final states with one lepton, a Higgs boson decaying to a pair of bottom quarks, and large missing transverse momentum is presented. The search uses data from proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV collected using the CMS detector at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb−1. The observed yields are consistent with backgrounds expected from the standard model. The results are interpreted in the context of a simplified SUSY model of chargino-neutralino production, with the chargino decaying to a W boson and the lightest SUSY particle (LSP) and the neutralino decaying to a Higgs boson and the LSP. Charginos and neutralinos with masses up to 820 GeV are excluded at 95% confidence level when the LSP mass is small, and LSPs with mass up to 350 GeV are excluded when the masses of the chargino and neutralino are approximately 700 GeV.
    Print ISSN: 1126-6708
    Electronic ISSN: 1029-8479
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Springer
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2021-07-01
    Description: Measurements of Higgs boson production cross sections and couplings in events where the Higgs boson decays into a pair of photons are reported. Events are selected from a sample of proton-proton collisions at $$ sqrt{s} $$ s = 13 TeV collected by the CMS detector at the LHC from 2016 to 2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb−1. Analysis categories enriched in Higgs boson events produced via gluon fusion, vector boson fusion, vector boson associated production, and production associated with top quarks are constructed. The total Higgs boson signal strength, relative to the standard model (SM) prediction, is measured to be 1.12±0.09. Other properties of the Higgs boson are measured, including SM signal strength modifiers, production cross sections, and its couplings to other particles. These include the most precise measurements of gluon fusion and vector boson fusion Higgs boson production in several different kinematic regions, the first measurement of Higgs boson production in association with a top quark pair in five regions of the Higgs boson transverse momentum, and an upper limit on the rate of Higgs boson production in association with a single top quark. All results are found to be in agreement with the SM expectations.
    Print ISSN: 1126-6708
    Electronic ISSN: 1029-8479
    Topics: Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2021-10-01
    Description: The cross section for W or Z boson production in association with two photons is measured in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. The data set corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb−1 collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC. The W → ℓν and Z → ℓℓ decay modes (where ℓ = e, μ) are used to extract the Wγγ and Zγγ cross sections in a phase space defined by electron (muon) with transverse momentum larger than 30 GeV and photon transverse momentum larger than 20 GeV. All leptons and photons are required to have absolute pseudorapidity smaller than 2.5. The measured cross sections in this phase space are σ(Wγγ) = $$ {13.6}_{-1.9}^{+1.9}{left(mathrm{stat} ight)}_{-4.0}^{+4.0} $$ 13.6 − 1.9 + 1.9 stat − 4.0 + 4.0 (syst) ± 0.08 (PDF + scale) fb and σ(Zγγ) = $$ {5.41}_{-0.55}^{+0.58}{left(mathrm{stat} ight)}_{-.070}^{+0.64} $$ 5.41 − 0.55 + 0.58 stat − .070 + 0.64 (syst) ± 0.06 (PDF + scale) fb. Limits on anomalous quartic gauge couplings are set in the framework of an effective field theory with dimension-8 operators.
    Print ISSN: 1126-6708
    Electronic ISSN: 1029-8479
    Topics: Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2021-10-01
    Description: Double-parton scattering is investigated using events with a Z boson and jets. The Z boson is reconstructed using only the dimuon channel. The measurements are performed with proton-proton collision data recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC at $$ sqrt{s} $$ s = 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb−1 collected in the year 2016. Differential cross sections of Z+ ≥1 jet and Z+ ≥2 jets are measured with transverse momentum of the jets above 20 GeV and pseudorapidity |η|
    Print ISSN: 1126-6708
    Electronic ISSN: 1029-8479
    Topics: Physics
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Resume Chez les Guêpes et les Frelons, les cellules sont hexagonales lorsqu'elles sont situées dans les zones centrales du rayon. Les cellules périphériques, comme toutes les cellules au début de leur construction, ont des parois arrondies plutôt que angulaires. La transformation d'une cellule en forme de gobelet, à parois arrondies, en une cellule hexagonale avec un angle de 120° entre les parois est partiellement due à des processus de transformation des parois cellulaires existantes au moment où de nouvelles parois leur sont attachées depuis le côté extérieur. Le développement de la construction des cellules initiales aboutit à 6 parois dans les rayons construits autour d'une seule cellule centrale ou à 5,5 parois lorsqui'il y a 2 cellules centrales contiguës. Cependant, dans les constructions ultérieures, ce type d'évolution des parois diminue graduellement à mesure que de nouveaux anneaux de cellules sont ajoutés, pour atteindre une valeur moyenne de 3 nouvelles parois par cellule, indépendamment du fait que le rayon s'est construit autour d'une ou de deux cellules centrales. Les résultats présentés dans cet article sur l'utilisation plus efficiente des parois dans les rayons plus grands apportent une confirmation du caractère économique de l'utilisation des matériaux dans la construction du rayon par les Vespinæ.
    Notes: Summary The individual cell in the hornet or wasp comb is hexagonal in cross-section when it is one of the inner “ring” of cells. On the other hand, peripheral cells, like all cells built initially, have rounded rather than angled walls. This transformation from a goblet-shaped cell with rounded walls to an hexagonally-walled cell with an angle of 120° between each two walls is partly acheived by additional processing of the existing cell walls as new walls (between old and new cells) are accreted onto them from the outside. The comb cells are essentially hexagonal so that the “expenditure” in the building of the initial cell(s) is either 6 walls (in combs built around a single central cell) or 5.5 walls (where there are two abutting, central cells). With subsequent building, however, this “wall expenditure” diminishes gradually as more rings of cells are laid down, approaching an average value of 3 new walls per cell regardless of whether the comb is built around one or rather two central cells. Presented data on more efficient wall utilization in the larger combs offer further confirmation of the frugality of comb construction by Vespinæ.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 6 (1950), S. 438-440 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung 1. Wird eine Elektrode an das runde Fenster der Katzenschnecke gelegt und wird ein Knack entweder dem rechten oder dem linken Ohre zugeleitet, so werden in jedem Falle registrierbare elektrische Potentiale hervorgerufen. Ein Knack, der dem in Bezug auf die Registrierelektrode ipsilateralen Ohr zugeleitet wird, gibt den bekannten Komplex von Mikrophon- und Nervenpotentialen. Kontralaterale Knacke verursachen Potentiale, die zeitlich etwas nachhinken und auch kleiner sind. 2. Das durch kontralaterale Knacke hervorgerufene Potential verschwindet dauernd, wenn die kontralaterale Schnecke zerstört ist. Es läßt sich durch vorübergehende Abkühlung der kontralateralen Schnecke reversibel herabsetzen. Diese Maßnahme reduziert auch die Entladungen im kontralateralen achten Nerv. Aus diesen und verwandten Beobachtungen läßt sich folgern, daß zwischen dem einen und dem andern Ohr eine Nervenverbindung besteht (cochleo-cochleare Bahn). 3. Eine Funktion der cochleo-cochlearen Bahn wird erörtert. Ein vorausgegangener Knack, der dem kontralateralen Ohr appliziert wird, setzt die von einem ipsilateralen Knack zu erwartenden nervösen Vorgänge herab. 4. Die in Betracht kommenden Zeitverhältnisse machen eine minimale cochleo-cochleare Überleitungszeit von der Größenordnung von 1 msek. wahrscheinlich.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Key wordsFerribacterium limneticum ; Dissimilatory ; iron reduction ; Mine wastes ; Lake Coeur d’Alene ; Idaho
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A dissimilatory Fe(III)-reducing bacterium was isolated from mining-impacted lake sediments and designated strain CdA-1. The strain was isolated from a 4-month enrichment culture with acetate and Fe(III)-oxyhydroxide. Strain CdA-1 is a motile, obligately anaerobic rod, capable of coupling the oxidation of acetate and other organic acids to the reduction of ferric iron. Fe(III) reduction was not observed using methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, propionate, succinate, fumarate, H2, citrate, glucose, or phenol as potential electron donors. With acetate as an electron donor, strain CdA-1 also grew by reducing nitrate or fumarate. Growth was not observed with acetate as electron donor and O2, sulfoxyanions, nitrite, trimethylamine N-oxide, Mn(IV), As(V), or Se(VI) as potential terminal electron acceptors. Comparative 16 S rRNA gene sequence analyses show strain CdA-1 to be most closely related (93.6% sequence similarity) to Rhodocyclus tenuis. However, R. tenuis did not grow heterotrophically by Fe(III) reduction, nor did strain CdA-1 grow photrophically. We propose that strain CdA-1 represents a new genus and species, Ferribacterium limneticum. Strain CdA-1 represents the first dissimilatory Fe(III) reducer in the β subclass of Proteobacteria, as well as the first Fe(III) reducer isolated from mine wastes.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Key words Mizolastine ; H1-receptor antagonist; antihistamine ; skin suction-blister fluid ; histamine-induced wheal and flare
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective:To investigate plasma and skin suction-blister-fluid pharmacokinetics of oral mizolastine in order to determine whether the drug concentration in the fluid of suction-induced skin blisters could better predict the antihistamine activity than the plasma concentration. Setting: Department of Internal Medicine, Université Paris 6. Subjects: Ten healthy male volunteers. Methods: The volunteers (mean age 26.8 years, mean weight 75.8 kg) received a single 10-mg oral dose of mizolastine at 1000 hours. The pharmacokinetic study included 11 plasma and 9 blister fluid samples and blister epidermal-roof specimens. Mizolastine was assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Each volunteer also received nine intradermal injections of 5 μg histamine. Antihistamine activity was assessed as the post-treatment percentages of changes in the histamine-induced relative wheal and flare areas versus baseline. Results: Mizolastine mean Cmax (SD) and median tmax were, respectively, 380 ng ⋅ ml−1and 0.8 h in plasma, and 21.8 ng ⋅ ml−1 and 10 h in blister fluid. Mizolastine could not be quantified in the epidermis. The maximal histamine-induced relative flare inhibition was 72.5% and was attained at the median time of 3 h post-dosing and therefore was delayed by 2.2 h with respect to the plasma tmax. Mean relative wheal inhibition, although lower, showed the same time profile. A direct relationship could not be found between drug concentrations in blister fluid and antihistamine activity. Simulated concentrations in the peripheral compartment better explain the maximum inhibition effect on flare, observed 3 h post-dosing, with a flatter hysteresis loop obtained when plotting relative flare inhibition versus plasma or blister-fluid drug concentrations. Conclusion: The mizolastine concentrations in the skin suction-blister fluid were not predictive of the antihistamine activity.
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