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  • Springer  (525)
  • National Academy of Sciences  (86)
  • 1995-1999  (611)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A field trial using Artificial Neural Networks to predict psychiatric in-patient Length-of-stay (1997)
    Springer
    Neural computing & applications 5 (1997), S. 184-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-3058
    Keywords: Neural networks ; Length-of-stay ; Psychiatry ; Resource utilization ; Back propagation ; Field study
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Demands for health care reform will increase service utilization, much of which will fall on a system of expanded primary care providers, many of whom will not be specialists in psychiatry. These providers will need tools to augment their decision-making process. In this paper, we explore the use of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) in three different field sites to predict inpatient psychiatric Length-Of-Stay (LOS). This study describes the development and implementation of a runtime system in three different psychiatric facilities. Data was collected at these respective sites using the runtime system, and then this data was used to retrain the networks to determine if site-specific data would improve accuracy of prediction of LOS. The results indicate that ANNs trained with state hospital data could accurately predict LOS in two different community hospital psychiatric units. When the respective ANNs were retrained with approximately 10% new data from these specific hospitals, rates of improvement ranged from 3% to 15%. Our findings demonstrate that an ANN can adapt to different treatment settings and, when retrained, significantly improve prediction of LOS. Prediction rates by the ANN after retraining are comparable to results of a clinical team.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01413862
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Darwinian evolution by self-propagating species under fractional order kinetics (1996)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 58 (1996), S. 99-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract As in Darwinian evolution, population fitness increases among replicating molecules whose propagation rate coefficients form a normal (symmetric) distribution, even when replication kinetics are fractional order.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02458283
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A theory of evolution that includes prebiotic self-organization and episodic species formation (1996)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 58 (1996), S. 65-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A theory has been proposed that encompasses pre-replication changes in RNA synthesis and non-gradual variant formation, in addition to competitive replication. Using a fundamental theorem of natural selection and maximum principle scaled to nucleotide condensation, evolutionin vitro was demonstrated to maximally damp both kinetic and thermodynamic forces driving this reaction, from its pre-replication stage. This led to the finding that evolution follows a path of least action. These principles form the framework for a general theory of evolution, whose scope extends beyond evolution modeled by synthesis of non-interacting RNA molecules. It applies, in particular, to standard processes, such as competitive crystallization. In calculations simulatingde novo formation of self-replicating RNA molecules in the Qβ replicase system, spontaneous changes in strand secondary structure promoted the transition from random copolymerization to template-directed polymerization. This finding indicates selection preceded genome self-propagation. Non-gradual species formation was attributed to the presence of heterogeneous thermodynamic forces. Growth unconstrained by competition follows mutation to a variant able to utilize a free energy source alien to its progenitors. Evolution in a heterogeneous system can, therefore, exhibit discontinuous rates of species formation and spawn new species populations. Natural selection among competing self-propagators thus gives way to a principle of wider scope stating that evolution optimally damps the physicochemical forces causing change within an evolving system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02458282
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative sampling of indoor air biomass by signature lipid biomarker analysis (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 22 (1999), S. 80-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Keywords: airborne bacteria; phospholipid fatty acids; human health
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Exposure to airborne biocontaminants may result in a multitude of health effects and is related to a pronounced increase in adult-onset asthma. Established culture-based procedures for quantifying microbial biomass from airborne environments have severe limitations. Assay of the phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) components of airborne microorganisms provides a quantitative method to define biomass, community composition and nutritional/physiological activity of the microbial community. By collecting airborne particulate matter from a high volume via filtration, we collected sufficient biomass for quantitative PLFA analysis. Comparing high (filtration) and low (impaction) volume air sampling techniques at 26 locations within the Eastern United States, we determined that PLFA analysis provided a viable alternative to the established but flawed culture-based techniques for measuring airborne microbial biomass and community composition. Compared to the PLFA analysis, the culture techniques underestimated the actual viable airborne biomass present by between one to three orders of magnitude. A case study of a manufacturing plant at which there had been complaints regarding the indoor air quality is presented. Phospholipid fatty acid characterization of the biomass enabled contamination point source determination. In comparison with samples taken outdoors, increases in the relative proportion of trans PLFA, reflecting shifts in the physiological status of viable airborne Gram-negative bacteria, were detected in the indoor air samples at a majority of sampling sites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900609
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A chemically-defined medium supporting growth and providing cells converting compactin to pravastatin (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 22 (1999), S. 78-79 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Keywords: Actinomadura; pravastatin; compactin; nutrition; vitamins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Actinomadura sp strain 2966, which converts compactin to pravastatin, requires vitamins to support its growth. Addition of folic acid, thiamine and cyanocobalamine allowed growth in chemically-defined medium. Cells grown in a chemically-defined medium were as capable of converting compactin to pravastatin as cells grown in a complex medium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900602
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aminolaevulinic Acid-induced Photodynamic Therapy in the Treatment of Dysplastic Barrett's Oesophagus and Adenocarcinoma (1999)
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 14 (1999), S. 278-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Keywords: Keywords: Adenocarcinoma; Aminolaevulinic acid; Barrett's oesophagus; Dysplasia; Photodynamic therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract . Photodynamic therapy (PDT) may have a role in the prevention of oesophageal cancer. Ten patients with Barrett's oesophagus, three with low-grade dysplasia (LGD), four with high-grade dysplasia (HGD), one with carcinoma in situ and two with invasive carcinoma, were treated with PDT. All received 30 mg/kg aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) followed 4 h later by laser endoscopy. Half were treated with red light (630 nm; 100 mW/cm2 for 1000 s) and half with green light (514 nm; 100 mW/cm2 for 500 s). Columnar epithelial regression was seen in all patients with dysplasia (mean area decrease 44%; range 10–100%), with apparent elimination of dysplasia in all cases. In patients with in situ or invasive carcinoma, no response was seen. ALA-induced PDT, using either red or green light, produces effective ablation of dysplastic Barrett's oesophagus, hence may have a role in the prevention of oesophageal carcinoma, but has little effect on in situ or invasive adenocarcinoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s101030050095
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Frequency-locking effects in an electro-optical bistable system with long delay (1999)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 31 (1999), S. 131-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract This paper reports the important effects of frequency-locking in an electro-optical bistable system with long delay. The mechanism of the locking behaviour is discussed from the viewpoint of power spectrum and the linear eigen modes of the system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006966211602
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Current Research: Computer Simulation Eliminates Problem in Aircraft Carrier Firefighting Trainer (1998)
    Springer
    Fire technology 34 (1998), S. 89-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8099
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1015365000011
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polarization dynamics of a dual-frequency laser with a nearly isotropic resonator in the presence of anisotropic feedback (1995)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 27 (1995), S. 495-502 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The polarization dynamics of a dual-frequency, nearly isotropic He-Ne laser in the presence of weak anisotropic feedback were studied. Depending on the location of the perturbed mode under the gain curve, three distinctive hysteresis characteristics were observed. These hysteresis characteristics are distinguished by the height and width of the corresponding hysterograms. These switching dynamics are explained qualitatively in terms of the stability analysis of Lamb's multimode laser theory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00563589
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Platinum-group metal cyclodextrin complexes and their use as command-cure catalysts in silicones (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of inorganic and organometallic polymers and materials 5 (1995), S. 377-390 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8870
    Keywords: Hydrosilylation ; cyclodextrin ; platinum catalyst ; silicone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The Command-Cure concept is defined for a curable formulation as one with long work-like at ambient temperature and rapid cure time at elevated temperature. This concept is explored for a curable silicone system, cured via hydrosilylation. CODMCl2 complexes (COD=1.5-cyclo-octadiene:M=Pt. Pd) are reacted with beta-cyclodextrin (β-CD) to make 1∶1 inclusion compounds,M=Pd.2;M=Pt.4. Compounds2 and4 were analyzed by1H NMR and X-ray powder diffraction. Their catalytic ability was evaluated in a model system as well as a polymeric system that gels upon cure. Surprisingly, the Pd analog2 was a good command-cure catalyst whereas the guest compound CODPdCl2,1, was not active in the hydrosilylation reaction. The Pt analog,4, was an effective command-cure catalyst while the corresponding guest. CODPtCl2,3, was too active at low temperature in the hydrosilylation reaction. Additional Pt compounds and one Rh inclusion compound were evaluated as command cure catalysts. These inclusion compounds were: 1∶1 β-CD:[CODRhCl]2,5: 1∶1 β-CD:CpPtMe3,6 (Cp=cyclopentadienyl): 1∶2 β-CD:MeCpPtMe3,7; 1∶2 β-CO:CODPtMe2,8. The effectiveness of4 8 was evaluated in a number of silicone systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01193061
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