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  • 2000-2004  (156)
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  • 1
    Call number: ZSP-625-74
    Pages: 40 S.
    Series Statement: PIK Report 74
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2000-06-01
    Print ISSN: 0021-9584
    Electronic ISSN: 1938-1328
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Education
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Algorithmica 26 (2000), S. 515-559 
    ISSN: 1432-0541
    Keywords: Key words. Navigation, Mobile robots, Rasterized algorithms, Localization.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract. Localization is the process of determining the robot's location within its environment. More precisely, it is a procedure which takes as input a geometric map, a current estimate of the robot's pose, and sensor readings, and produces as output an improved estimate of the robot's current pose (position and orientation). We describe a combinatorially precise algorithm which performs mobile robot localization using a geometric model of the world and a point-and-shoot ranging device. We also describe a rasterized version of this algorithm which we have implemented on a real mobile robot equipped with a laser rangefinder we designed. Both versions of the algorithm allow for uncertainty in the data returned by the range sensor. We also present experimental results for the rasterized algorithm, obtained using our mobile robots at Cornell.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 114 (2001), S. 6834-6842 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In this paper we present a coupled molecular dynamics/semiempirical simulation of the solvation of the dye Coumarin 153 (C153) in two solvents, methanol and acetonitrile. In order to account for the solute electronic polarizability we use a semiempirical description to determine the charge distribution of the dye during the simulation. Solute–solvent and solvent–solvent interactions are described by empirical potentials. We examine the structure of the solvation shell, the purely electrostatic part of the solute–solvent interactions, shifts of the absorption and emissions spectra and the solvation dynamics of C153 in both solvents. In contrast with our first study of naphthalene in acetonitrile, the equilibrium simulations show structural changes in the solvation shell when electronic polarizability is included. The inclusion of electronic polarizability also enhances solute–solvent electrostatic interactions. Therefore, an increase of absorption and emission redshifts is observed compared to simulations with a nonpolarizable solute. While the computed absorption shift is in excellent agreement with experimental data, the emission shift calculations fail. Possible reasons for this failure are discussed. The solvation dynamics shows a considerable slowing down compared to the nonpolarizable solute. Nonetheless, linear response is still valid in these systems. Some differences with the continuum model of solvation are pointed out. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 114 (2001), S. 6824-6833 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In this paper we present coupled quantum mechanical/molecular dynamics simulations on the solvation of naphthalene in acetonitrile. A semiempirical treatment is introduced into classical molecular dynamics simulations to deal with the electronic polarizability of the solute. We study the structure of the solvation shell, the features of the electrostatic intermolecular interactions, the dynamics of solute and solvent molecules and the spectral shifts of the solute. For this particular system it is found that the influence of induced electrostatic interaction on the structure of the solvation shell is negligible. On the other hand, net induced dipolar contributions arise in the electrostatic interactions, in spite of the fact that the electric field is found to be inhomogeneous at the scale of the solute molecule. These induced dipolar interactions enhance the calculated absorption and emission shifts and contribute up to 40% to the electrostatic spectral shifts. They also modify or even dominate the fluctuations of the solute–solvent interaction and thus the solvation response. Both shifts and solvation dynamics are discussed in terms of dipole and quadrupole jumps. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd/Inc.
    Journal of business finance & accounting 31 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1468-5957
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper seeks to characterise the distribution of extreme returns for a UK share index over the years 1975 to 2000. In particular, the suitability of the following distributions is investigated: Gumbel, Frechet, Weibull, Generalised Extreme Value, Generalised Pareto, Log-Normal and Generalised Logistic. Daily returns for the FT All Share index were obtained from Datastream, and the maxima and minima of these daily returns over a variety of selection intervals were calculated. Plots of summary statistics for the weekly maxima and minima on statistical distribution maps suggested that the best fitting distribution would be either the Generalised Extreme Value or the Generalised Logistic. The results from fitting each of these two distributions to extremes of a series of UK share returns support the conclusion that the Generalised Logistic distribution best fits the UK data for extremes over the period of the study. The Generalised Logistic distribution has fatter tails than either the log-normal or the Generalised Extreme Value distribution, hence this finding is of importance to investors who are concerned with assessing the risk of a portfolio.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 14 (2000), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: This paper describes a framework for estimating the effectiveness of riparian vegetation in modifying the water temperature in streams. A physically-based model was incorporated into the framework and used to demonstrate that planting trees in strategic locations can have a substantial effect on water temperature in streams and, consequently, on the survival of target fish populations. Application of the framework suggested that equivalent plantings in different configurations can have markedly different outcomes in terms of resultant stream temperature. There is no single best solution for all stream-restoration projects but, through the use of this framework, environmental planners, designers and managers can compare scenarios and make appropriate decisions for specific streams.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 71 (2000), S. 3942-3946 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A falling head permeameter is described in which pairs of infrared emitters and detectors on a sight tube are used to measure the flow rate associated with the passage of water through a granular solid under the action of a diminishing pressure head. An equation relating pressure head to elapsed time is derived from which permeability may be calculated. In order to verify the accuracy and sensitivity of the instrument, permeability measurements carried out on a graded quartz sand are compared to those obtained by the more conventional constant head measurement. Excellent agreement is obtained between the permeability values obtained using both measurement methods. Experimental results are also reported for the measurement of the permeability of a range of sieved sand fractions. The falling head permeameter described here is particularly suitable for the measurement of the hydraulic conductivity of granular solids such as sands and soils through which a high flow rate may be expected. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 90 (2001), S. 5782-5785 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Well-sintered snow examined in a scanning electron microscope revealed a newly observed morphological structure that protrudes into the pore space along ice grain boundaries. We have termed this a "grain boundary ridge." Grain boundary diffusion is a sintering process that occurs at the interface of two crystals, whereby mass migrates from the center of the contact to the surface of the bond. Since mass tends to sublimate from sharp features toward smaller curvature surfaces through vapor diffusion, a ridge developed by grain boundary diffusion will readily sacrifice mass to the surrounding ice surfaces. A mass balance between vapor and grain boundary diffusion based on the observed geometry is considered. This analysis indicates grain boundary diffusion may play a far more significant role than generally acknowledged. While this study was restricted to ice, it may have implications for other crystalline materials. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 57 (2000), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Formation of a hanging dam, a large, thick sub-surface accumulation of frazil ice that blocked river flow, altered physical environmental conditions dramatically and common carp Cyprinus carpio, and brown trout Salmo trutta, evacuated the pool in which the dam developed. A mean of 80·1% of the pool volume was filled with frazil ice. Mean and bottom water velocities in the pool increased from 6 to 27 cm s−1 and from 4 to 21 cm s−1, respectively, when the hanging dam formed, and water depth decreased from a mean of 2·25 to 0·45 m. Activity levels of fish leaving the pool varied. Two carp had higher swimming activities when in the over wintering pool, compared to the period when they were out of it, and a third showed opposite results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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