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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deep convection in the Irminger Sea forced by the Greenland tip jet (2003)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 424 (2003), S. 152-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Open-ocean deep convection, one of the processes by which deep waters of the world's oceans are formed, is restricted to a small number of locations (for example, the Mediterranean and Labrador seas). Recently, the southwest Irminger Sea has been suggested as an additional location for ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature01729
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Climate change in the North Pacific region over the past three centuries (2002)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 420 (2002), S. 401-403 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The relatively short length of most instrumental climate records restricts the study of climate variability, and it is therefore essential to extend the record into the past with the help of proxy data. Only since the late 1940s have atmospheric data been available that are sufficient in ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature01229
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  • 3
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    Amplification of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation associated with the onset of the industrial-era warming (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Keywords: Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation; industrial-era warming ; 551
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
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    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 4
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    Multidecadal mobility of the North Atlantic Oscillation (2013)
    American Meteorological Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Meteorological Society, 2013. This article is posted here by permission of American Meteorological Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Climate 26 (2013): 2453–2466, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00023.1.
    Description: The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is one of the most important modes of variability in the global climate system and is characterized by a meridional dipole in the sea level pressure field, with centers of action near Iceland and the Azores. It has a profound influence on the weather, climate, ecosystems, and economies of Europe, Greenland, eastern North America, and North Africa. It has been proposed that around 1980, there was an eastward secular shift in the NAO’s northern center of action that impacted sea ice export through Fram Strait. Independently, it has also been suggested that the location of its southern center of action is tied to the phase of the NAO. Both of these attributes of the NAO have been linked to anthropogenic climate change. Here the authors use both the one-point correlation map technique as well as empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis to show that the meridional dipole that is often seen in the sea level pressure field over the North Atlantic is not purely the result of the NAO (as traditionally defined) but rather arises through an interplay among the NAO and two other leading modes of variability in the North Atlantic region: the East Atlantic (EA) and the Scandinavian (SCA) patterns. This interplay has resulted in multidecadal mobility in the two centers of action of the meridional dipole since the late nineteenth century. In particular, an eastward movement of the dipole has occurred during the 1930s to 1950s as well as more recently. This mobility is not seen in the leading EOF of the sea level pressure field in the region.
    Description: GWKM was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. IAR was supported in part by NE/C003365/1. RSP was supported by Grant OCE-0959381 from the U.S. National Science Foundation.
    Description: 2013-10-15
    Keywords: North Atlantic Ocean ; North Atlantic Oscillation ; Climate variability ; Climatology ; Empirical orthogonal functions
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 5
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    Trend and interannual variability in southeast Greenland Sea Ice : impacts on coastal Greenland climate variability (2015)
    John Wiley & Sons
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2014. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geophysical Research Letters 41 (2014): 8619–8626, doi:10.1002/2014GL062107.
    Description: We describe the recent occurrence of a region of diminished sea ice cover or “notch” offshore of the Kangerdlugssuaq Fiord, the site of the largest tidewater glacier along Greenland's southeast coast. The notch's location is consistent with a topographically forced flux of warm water toward the fiord, and the decrease of the sea ice cover is shown to be associated with a regional warming of the upper ocean that began in the mid-1990s. Sea ice in the vicinity of the notch also exhibits interannual variability that is shown to be associated with a seesaw in surface temperature and sea ice between southeast and northeast Greenland that is not describable solely in terms of the North Atlantic Oscillation. We therefore argue that other modes of atmospheric variability, including the Lofoten Low, are required to fully document the changes to the climate that are occurring along Greenland's east coast.
    Description: G.W.K.M. was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. F.S. and M.O. were supported by NSF OCE 1130008 and NASA NNX13AK88G.
    Description: 2015-06-02
    Keywords: Greenland ; Sea ice ; Interannual variability ; Lofoten Low ; Icelandic Low
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 6
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    Atmospheric forcing during active convection in the Labrador Sea and its impact on mixed-layer depth (2016)
    John Wiley & Sons
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2016. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 121 (2016): 6978–6992, doi:10.1002/2015JC011607.
    Description: Hydrographic data from the Labrador Sea collected in February–March 1997, together with atmospheric reanalysis fields, are used to explore relationships between the air-sea fluxes and the observed mixed-layer depths. The strongest winds and highest heat fluxes occurred in February, due to the nature and tracks of the storms. While greater numbers of storms occurred earlier and later in the winter, the storms in February followed a more organized track extending from the Gulf Stream region to the Irminger Sea where they slowed and deepened. The canonical low-pressure system that drives convection is located east of the southern tip of Greenland, with strong westerly winds advecting cold air off the ice edge over the warm ocean. The deepest mixed layers were observed in the western interior basin, although the variability in mixed-layer depth was greater in the eastern interior basin. The overall trend in mixed-layer depth through the winter in both regions of the basin was consistent with that predicted by a 1-D mixed-layer model. We argue that the deeper mixed layers in the west were due to the enhanced heat fluxes on that side of the basin as opposed to oceanic preconditioning.
    Description: National Science Foundation (RP); Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada Grant Number: OCE-1259618
    Description: 2017-03-22
    Keywords: Labrador Sea ; Convection ; Impact of storms ; Storm tracks ; Mixed layers
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 7
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    Ocean convection linked to the recent ice edge retreat along east Greenland (2018)
    Nature Publishing Group
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: © The Author(s), 2018. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Nature Communications 9 (2018): 1287, doi:10.1038/s41467-018-03468-6.
    Description: Warm subtropical-origin Atlantic water flows northward across the Greenland-Scotland Ridge into the Nordic Seas, where it relinquishes heat to the atmosphere and gradually transforms into dense Atlantic-origin water. Returning southward along east Greenland, this water mass is situated beneath a layer of cold, fresh surface water and sea ice. Here we show, using measurements from autonomous ocean gliders, that the Atlantic-origin water was re-ventilated while transiting the western Iceland Sea during winter. This re-ventilation is a recent phenomenon made possible by the retreat of the ice edge toward Greenland. The fresh surface layer that characterises this region in summer is diverted onto the Greenland shelf by enhanced onshore Ekman transport induced by stronger northerly winds in fall and winter. Severe heat loss from the ocean offshore of the ice edge subsequently triggers convection, which further transforms the Atlantic-origin water. This re-ventilation is a counterintuitive occurrence in a warming climate, and highlights the difficulties inherent in predicting the behaviour of the complex coupled climate system.
    Description: Support for this work was provided by the Norwegian Research Council under Grant agreement no. 231647 (L.H. and K.V.), the Bergen Research Foundation under Grant BFS2016REK01 (K.V.), and the Centre for Climate Dynamics at the Bjerknes Centre through the FRESHWATER project (K.V.). Additional funding was provided by the Swiss National Science Foundation grants P2EZP2162267 and P300P2174307 (L.P.), the National Science Foundation grant OCE-1558742 (M.A.S.), the Norway Fulbright Foundation (K.V.), the Canada Fulbright Foundation (G.W.K.M.), and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (G.W.K.M.).
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 8
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    Buoy observations from the windiest location in the world ocean, Cape Farewell, Greenland (2010)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2008. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geophysical Research Letters 35 (2008): L18802, doi:10.1029/2008GL034845.
    Description: Cape Farewell, Greenland's southernmost point, is a region of significant interest in the meteorological and oceanographic communities in that atmospheric flow distortion associated with the high topography of the region leads to a number of high wind speed jets. The resulting large air-sea fluxes of momentum and buoyancy have a dramatic impact on the region's weather and ocean circulation. Here the first in-situ observations of the surface meteorology in the region, collected from an instrumented buoy, are presented. The buoy wind speeds are compared to 10 m wind speeds from the QuikSCAT satellite and the North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR). We show that the QuikSCAT retrievals have a high wind speed bias that is absent from the NARR winds. The spatial characteristics of the high wind speed events are also presented.
    Description: The support of the Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Science, the support of the National Science Foundation grant OCE-0450658as well as the Natural Environmental Research Council grant NE/C003365/1.
    Keywords: Buoy observations ; Tip jets ; Cape Farewell
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 9
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    Upwelling on the continental slope of the Alaskan Beaufort Sea : storms, ice, and oceanographic response (2010)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2009. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research 114 (2009): C00A13, doi:10.1029/2008JC005009.
    Description: The characteristics of Pacific-born storms that cause upwelling along the Beaufort Sea continental slope, the oceanographic response, and the modulation of the response due to sea ice are investigated. In fall 2002 a mooring array located near 152°W measured 11 significant upwelling events that brought warm and salty Atlantic water to shallow depths. When comparing the storms that caused these events to other Aleutian lows that did not induce upwelling, interesting trends emerged. Upwelling occurred most frequently when storms were located in a region near the eastern end of the Aleutian Island Arc and Alaskan Peninsula. Not only were these storms deep but they generally had northward-tending trajectories. While the steering flow aloft aided this northward progression, the occurrence of lee cyclogenesis due to the orography of Alaska seems to play a role as well in expanding the meridional influence of the storms. In late fall and early winter both the intensity and frequency of the upwelling diminished significantly at the array site. It is argued that the reduction in amplitude was due to the onset of heavy pack ice, while the decreased frequency was due to two different upper-level atmospheric blocking patterns inhibiting the far field influence of the storms.
    Description: The following grants provided support for this study: National Science Foundation grants OPP-0731928 (R.S.P.) and OPP-0713250 (R.S.P. and P.S.F.), Office of Naval Research grant N00014-07-1-1040 (D.J.T. and R.A.G.), Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (G.W.K.M.), Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Arctic Initiative (J.Y.).
    Keywords: Upwelling
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 10
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    The Greenland Flow Distortion Experiment (2010)
    American Meteorological Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. ©American Meteorological Society, 2008. This article is posted here by permission of American Meteorological Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 89 (2008): 1307-1324, doi:10.1175/2008BAMS2508.1.
    Description: Greenland has a major influence on the atmospheric circulation of the North Atlantic–western European region, dictating the location and strength of mesoscale weather systems around the coastal seas of Greenland and directly influencing synoptic-scale weather systems both locally and downstream over Europe. High winds associated with the local weather systems can induce large air–sea fluxes of heat, moisture, and momentum in a region that is critical to the overturning of the thermohaline circulation, and thus play a key role in controlling the coupled atmosphere–ocean climate system. The Greenland Flow Distortion Experiment (GFDex) is investigating the role of Greenland in defining the structure and predictability of both local and downstream weather systems through a program of aircraft-based observation and numerical modeling. The GFDex observational program is centered upon an aircraft-based field campaign in February and March 2007, at the dawn of the International Polar Year. Twelve missions were flown with the Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements' BAe-146, based out of the Keflavik, Iceland. These included the first aircraft-based observations of a reverse tip jet event, the first aircraft-based observations of barrier winds off of southeast Greenland, two polar mesoscale cyclones, a dramatic case of lee cyclogenesis, and several targeted observation missions into areas where additional observations were predicted to improve forecasts. In this overview of GFDex the background, aims and objectives, and facilities and logistics are described. A summary of the campaign is provided, along with some of the highlights of the experiment.
    Description: The GFDex would not have been possible without the dedication and flexibility shown by all at the FAAM, DirectFlight, and Avalon. GFDex was funded by the Natural Environmental Research Council (NE/C003365/1), the Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences (GR-641), and the European Union Fleet for Airborne Research (EUFAR) and European Union Coordinated Observing System (EUCOS) schemes.
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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