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  • 1
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    W.H.O.I./Brown CTD microprofiler : methods of calibration and data handling (2006)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: This report describes calibration techniques developed over the past three years for the WHOI/Brown CTD in the Moored Array Program. Comparison is made with classical methods of hydrography for stations obtained in the MODE-1 density program. Methods for temperature lag correction and conversion of conductivity to salinity are given.
    Description: Prepared for the Office of Naval Research under Contract N00014-74-C0262; NR 083-004.
    Keywords: CTD ; Calibration ; Salinity
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
    Format: 3977131 bytes
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  • 2
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    A double-diffusive interface tank for dynamic-response studies (2007)
    Sears Foundation for Marine Research
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © Sears Foundation for Marine Research, 2005. This article is posted here by permission of Sears Foundation for Marine Research for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Marine Research 63 (2005): 263-289, doi:10.1357/0022240053693842.
    Description: A large tank capable of long-term maintenance of a sharp temperature-salinity interface has been developed and applied to measurements of the dynamical response of oceanographic sensors. A two-layer salt-stratified system is heated from below and cooled from above to provide two convectively mixed layers with a thin double-diffusive interface separating them. A temperature jump exceeding 10°C can be maintained over 1–2 cm (a vertical temperature gradient of order 103°C/m) for several weeks. A variable speed-lowering system allows testing of the dynamic response of conductivity and temperature sensors in full-size oceanographic instruments. An acoustic echo sounder and shadowgraph system provide nondisruptive monitoring of the interface and layer microstructure. Tests of several sensor systems show how data from the facility is used to determine sensor response times using several fitting techniques and the speed dependence of thermometer time constants is illustrated. The linearity of the conductivity–temperature relationship across the interface is proposed as a figure of merit for design of lag-correction filters to accurately match temperature and conductivity sensors for the computation of salinity. The effects of finite interface thickness, slow sensor sampling rates and the thermal mass of the conductivity cell are treated. Sensor response characterization is especially important for autonomous instruments where data processing and compression must be performed in-situ, but is also helpful in the development of new sensors and in assuring accurate salinity records from traditional wire-lowered and towed systems.
    Description: This research was supported by the National Science Foundation, grants OCE-97-11869 and OCE-02-40956, NOAA CORC grant 154368 and a WHOI Mellon Technical Staff Award.
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Format: 5410196 bytes
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  • 3
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    CTD calibration and processing methods used at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (2006)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Processing methods, programs, and procedures currently used to create CTD data sets at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) are described. The post-acquisition data processing steps include instrument calibrations in the laboratory and data calibration at sea, CTD data transformation from a time series to a pressure series, and the water sample data processing using the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) format guidelines. Processing software has been developed for both the Micro VAX and IBM compatible personal computers. The description of the data processing procedures is restricted to the PC system. The programs are written primarly in FORTRAN with some format-related changes required between computer systems.
    Description: Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation under Grant OCE-91-14465.
    Keywords: CTD calibration ; CTD data processing methods ; CTD processing programs
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
    Format: 5739777 bytes
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  • 4
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    Hydrographic observations from the US/PRC Cooperative Program in the Western Equatorial Pacific Ocean, cruises 1-4 (2006)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: In support of the Tropical Oceans and Global Atmosphere (TOGA) program, investigators from Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), NOAA Pacific Marine Envionmental Laboratory and the State Oceanic Administration (SOA) from both Qingdao (First Institute) and Guangzhou (South China Sea Branch) conducted hydrographic observations aboard the Chinese Research vessels Xiang Yang Hong 5 and Xiang Yang Hong 14 in the western equatorial Pacific. The objective of this component of the TOGA program was to document the water mass property distributions of the western equatorial Pacific Ocean and describe the oceanic velocity field. The four cruises summarized here were conducted during the period November 1985 to June 1988 and are the first half of an eight cruise repeated survey of the region scheduled to be completed in spring 1990. Conductivity-Temperatue-Depth-Oxygen (CTD/02) stations were collected to a minimum cast depth of 2,500 m or the bottom when shallower. The cruises reoccupied the same stations to provide temporal information. Summarized listings of CTD/O2 data together with selected physical properties of sea water for these cruises are provided here, as well as a description of the hardware used and an explanation of the data reduction tehniques employed.
    Description: Funding was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
    Keywords: Tropical Oceans Global Atmosphere ; Hydrography CTD ; Xiang Yang Hong 5 (Ship) Cruise TOGA 1 ; Xiang Yang Hong 14 (Ship) Cruise TOGA 1 ; Xiang Yang Hong 5 (Ship) Cruise TOGA 2 ; Xiang Yang Hong 14 (Ship) Cruise TOGA 2 ; Xiang Yang Hong 5 (Ship) Cruise TOGA 3 ; Xiang Yang Hong 14 (Ship) Cruise TOGA 3 ; Xiang Yang Hong 5 (Ship) Cruise TOGA 4 ; Xiang Yang Hong 14 (Ship) Cruise TOGA 4
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
    Format: 25779392 bytes
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  • 5
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    WHOI SDSL data-link project—ethernet telemetry through sea cables (2017)
    American Meteorological Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Meteorological Society, 2017. This article is posted here by permission of American Meteorological Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 34 (2017): 269-275, doi:10.1175/JTECH-D-11-00196.1.
    Description: A data telemetry technique for communicating over standard oceanographic sea cables that achieves a nearly 100-fold increase in bandwidth as compared to traditional systems has been recently developed and successfully used at sea on board two Research Vessel (R/V) Atlantis cruises with an 8.5-km, 0.322-in.-diameter three-conductor sea cable. The system uses commercially available modules to provide Ethernet connectivity through existing sea cables, linking serial and video underwater instrumentation to the shipboard user. The new method applies Synchronous Digital Subscriber Line (SDSL) communications technology to undersea applications, greatly increasing the opportunities to use scientific instrumentation from existing ships and sea cables at minimal cost and without modification.
    Description: This development program has been supported, in part, through research grants from the National Science Foundation (OCE 0447395), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s ASTEP program (NNX09AB76G), and a WHOI Green and Hiam Innovative Technology Award.
    Description: 2017-07-23
    Keywords: Instrumentation/sensors
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 6
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    Algorithms for computation of fundamental properties of seawater (2008)
    Unesco
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Endorsed by Unesco/SCOR/ICES/lAPSO Joint Panel on Oceanographic Tables and Standards and SCOR Working Group 51
    Description: Algorithms for computation of fundamental properties of seawater, based on the practical salinity scale (PSS-78) and the international equation of state for seawater (EOS-80), are compiled in the present report for implementing and standardizing computer programs for oceanographic data processing. Sample FORTRAN subprograms and tables are given to illustrate usage of the algorithms and to show the range of variation and limits of validity of commonly used seawater properties within the oceanic ranges for salinity, temperature and pressure. The algorithms cover the following: conductivity to salinity conversion; salinity to conductivity conversion; specific volume anomaly and density anomaly of seawater; pressure to depth conversion; freezing point temperature of seawater; specific heat of seawater; adiabatic lapse rate; potential temperature; sound speed in seawater.
    Description: Compilation of the algorithms and tables was supported by the Office of Naval Research under contracts N00014-74-C-0262, NR083-004 and N0001476- C-0197, NR083-400 and by the National Science Foundation under Grant OCE 78-06886.00.
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Working Paper
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  • 7
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    US/PRC CTD intercalibration report 1986-1990 (2006)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: A series of laboratory intercalibrations of a CTD system were undertaken between 1986 and 1990 as part of cooperative research program between the United States (US) and People's Republic of China (PRC). A comparison of US and PRC calibration facility standards is carried out using a NBIS/EG&G Marine Instruments Mark IIIb CTD system as a "quasi-transfer standard." When compared with the quoted accuracy of the calibration facilities, pressure was found to be more accurate and temperatue was about as accurate as stated. The conductivity standard differences between facilities are difficult to assess because of the CTD conductivity sensor drift.
    Description: Funding was provided by the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration under Grant No. NA85-AA-d-AC117.
    Keywords: CTD ; Calibration ; Intercalibration
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
    Format: 1397985 bytes
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  • 8
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    Observations of the Antarctic polar front during FDRAKE 76 : a cruise report (2008)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Figures 37 and 38 have been reduced from their original size for the purpose of scanning.
    Description: During March/April 1976 the small-scale structure of the Antarctic Polar Front was observed in the Drake Passage. The observations were part of the International Southern Ocean Studies (ISOS) program called FDRAke 76. The purpose of the program was to obtain densely sampled measurements of temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, and chemical nutrients in the Polar Front Zone (PFZ) and pilot measurements of horizontal and vertical velocities in order to explain the above scalar variability. The PFZ is a region where Antarctic and sub-Antarctic waters intermingle and presumably mix to affect the properties of Antarctic Intermediate Water. A report on the third leg of Cruise 107 of the R. V. THOMPSON is presented as well as a description of the measurements and a preliminary report of the data. A feature of interest is the pinching off of a northward meander of the circumpolar current system into a cyclonic ring of Antarctic Waters.
    Description: Prepared for the National Science Foundation, Office for the International Decade of Ocean Exploration, under Grant OCE75-14056 and the International Southern Ocean Studies (ISOS) Program.
    Keywords: International Southern Ocean Studies ; Fronts ; Thomas G. Thompson (Ship) Cruise TN107
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 9
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    Hydrographic observations from the US/PRC Cooperative Program in the Western Equatorial Pacific Ocean, cruises 5-8 (2006)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: In support of the Tropical Ocean and Global Atmosphere (TOGA) program, investigators from the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL), and the State Oceanic Administration (SOA) from both Qingdao (First Institute) and Guangzhou (South China Sea Branch) conducted hydrographic observations aboard the Chinese R/V Xiang Yang Hong 14 in the western equatorial Pacific Ocean. The objective of this component of the TOGA program was to document the water mass property distributions of the western equatorial Pacific and describe the oceanic velocity field. The four cruises summarized here were conducted during the period November 1988 to July 1990 and are the final half of an eight cruise repeated survey of the region begun in 1985. Conductivity-Temperature-Depth-Oxygen (CTD/O2) stations were collected to a minimum cast depth of 2500m or the bottom when shallower. The cruises reoccupied the same stations to provide temporal information. Summarized listings of CTD/02 data together with selected physical properties of sea water for these cruises are provided here, as well as a description of the hardware used and an explanation of the data reduction techniques employed.
    Description: Funding was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under Grant No. NA85AA-D-AC117.
    Keywords: Tropical Oceans Global Atmosphere (TOGA) ; Hydrography CTD ; Equatorial Pacific ; Xiang Yang Hong 14 (Ship) Cruise 5 ; Xiang Yang Hong 14 (Ship) Cruise 6 ; Xiang Yang Hong 14 (Ship) Cruise 7 ; Xiang Yang Hong 14 (Ship) Cruise 8
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
    Format: 29996654 bytes
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  • 10
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    A digital tape format for Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution CTD data (2018)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: A new digital data tape format has been developed to be used for data from the WHOI/Brown CTD microprofiler. CTD-78 Version 1 as detailed in this report is designed as a flexible and expandable internal data format adapted to the Hewlett-Packard 2100/21MX series 16-bit mini-computers currently used to transcribe and process CTD data at sea. The ten record types presently used in this multifile tape format store CTD and associated water sample data and the labeling information needed to convert the data to physical units. Record types are identified by unique keywords .
    Description: Prepared for the Office of Naval Research under Contract N00014-76-C-0197; NR 083-400.
    Keywords: Information retrieval ; Magnetic tapes
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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