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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 3 (1970), S. 90-91 
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Two different collimating systems have been used to obtain small angle X-ray scattering data from the same colloidal silica suspension. Because of the different collimation conditions, the two uncorrected scattering curves are quite different. However, after collimation corrections are applied, the corrected curves are almost identical. This close agreement provides evidence for the reliability of the collimation correction procedures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 24 (1991), S. 702-708 
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The layered structure in 2 mm thick discs injection moulded from industrial polypropylene (PP) was studied by scanning the cross section of the mouldings by means of small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS and WAXS), using a Kratky collimation system for position-resolved quantitative scattering measurements in both angular domains. The registration of so-called scattering profiles of the mouldings and a texture analysis of the WAXS profiles were established as novel approaches for studying the cross-section architecture. The results of the investigations comprise statements on the preferential orientation and the local distribution of α- and β-PP in different layers of the cross sections, on crystallite sizes and on the behaviour of individual layers in tensile tests.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 17 (1964), S. 311-312 
    ISSN: 0001-5520
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Chromatography A 170 (1979), S. 240-244 
    ISSN: 0021-9673
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 260 (1982), S. 205-211 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Röntgenkleinwinkel ; Polyacrylnitril ; Fasern ; Hohlraumsystem
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Measurements of the equatorial X-ray small-angle scattering are reported for 9 polyacrylnitrile fibers. They are evaluated according to Porod's theory. Data on void fraction and inner surface are obtained. With several samples, a Gumier-evaluation of the inner portion is possible, agreement is satisfactory. An attempt is made to interpret the results obtained with the help of a cyhndric model.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Von 9 Polyacrylnitril-Fasern wird die diffuse äquatoriale Röntgenkleinwinkelstreuung gemessen und nach der Porod'schen Theorie ausgewertet, wobei Daten über den Hohlraumteil und die innere Oberfläche erhalten werden. Bei einigen Proben ist auch eine Guinier-Auswertung des Innenteils möglich; die Übereinstimmung ist gut. Es wird versucht, die Meßresultate anhand eines Zylindermodells zu interpretieren.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 100 (1969), S. 1973-1979 
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Low-angle X-ray diffraction of colloid solutions of SiO2 (Ludox) in water at concentrationsc=4, 2, 1, and 0.5 g/100 ml has been studied using absolute intensity measurements. Evaluation of the data yielded the corresponding mean values of the radius of gyration, the particle volumes and the particle weights.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wurde im absoluten Maß die Röntgenkleinwinkelstreuung von kolloiden SiO2-Lösungen (Ludox) in Wasser beic=4, 2, 1 und 0,5 g/100 ml studiert. Die Auswertung führt auf die entsprechenden Mittelwerte des Streumassenradius, des Volumens und des Gewichtes der Teilchen.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 127 (1996), S. 143-158 
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Exponential electrondensity distribution ; Gas sorption ; PAN fibers ; Small angle X-ray scattering ; Void system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Polyacrylonitrile fibers (PAN) were drawn to different extents, hydrothermally aftertreated, and at last freeze-dried. The products were studied by small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), wide angle X-ray scattering (WAXS), and low temperature gassorption (LTGS). The SAXS data show that the shape and the size of the inhomogeneities (voids, “clusters”) have an exponential statistical distribution determined by the correlation lengthl c, both in the isotropic fibers and in the fiber-oriented ones. It has also been observed that stretching always causes a higher X-ray absorption. An analysis of the characteristic SAXS parameters (e.g., internal surface, mean chord length), which were calculated from the correlation length and the volume fractions of the phases, evidences that in all samples an augmentation or diminution of the number of the voids with nearly the same shape and size takes place (“nucleotic change”). Its relative number has been pointed out. Comparison with the results of the LTGS investigations at the same fibers shows that the tendencies of the specific surface and porosity (increase, decrease) are approximately the same with both methods. However, the absolute values of void volume differ in some cases by the factor 40. This leads to the conclusion that the SAXS method records domains of these fibers as voids which are not registered by LTGS (voids not accessible for the gas).
    Notes: Zusammenfassung An unterschiedlich verstreckten und hydrothermisch nachbehandelten, danach gefriergetrockneten Polyacrylnitril-Gelfasern (PAN) wurden Messungen der Röntgenkleinwinkelstreuung (RKWS), Röntgenweitwinkelstreuung (RWWS) und Tieftemperatur-Gassorption (TTGA) durchgeführt. Die RKWS-Messungen zeigen, daß sowohl in den isotropen als auch in den orientierten Proben eine exponentialstatistische Verteilung der Form und Größe der Inhomogenitäten (Hohlräume, “Cluster”) vorliegt, welche durch die Kohärenzlängel c bestimmt wird. Eine erhöhte Röntgenabsorption wurde bei den verstreckten Proben festgestellt. Die Analyse der aus der Kohärenzlänge und den Volumsanteilen der Phasen berechneten charakteristischen RK WS-Parameter (z.B. innere Oberfläche, Durchschußlänge) ergibt, daß jede Behandlung der Gelfasern eine Zu- oder Abnahme der etwa gleich großen Hohlräume verursacht (“nucleotic change”). Das relative Ausmaß dieser Veränderungen wird besprochen. Der Vergleich mit den Ergebnissen der TTGA an den gleichen Fasern zeigt, daß die Tendenzen bei der spezifischen Oberfläche und dem Porenvolumen (Zu- bzw. Abnahme) bei beiden Methoden annähernd gleich sind. Die Absolutwerte des Hohlraumvolumens unterscheiden sich aber z.T. um den Faktor 40. Dies führt zur Schlußfolgerung, daß mit der RK WS Faserbereiche als Hohlräume erfaßt werden, die bei der TTGA nicht angezeigt werden, weil sie für das Meßgas unzugänglich sind.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 124 (1993), S. 815-826 
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) ; Exponential distribution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Von den systematisch besprochenen Röntgenkleinwinkelstreukurven der dichtgepackten Systeme von Porod [2] wird nur eine Streukurve, deren Korrelationsfunktion eine exponentielle Verteilung aufweist, theoretisch analysiert und mit den klassischen Auswertungsmethoden der Partikelstreuung in Verbindung gesetzt. Dadurch werden die die Streukurve bestimmenden Parameterl c (Kohärenzlänge) und die NullintensitätI 0 besser erfaßt als mit der in der Literatur bisher veröffentlichten Methode (AuftragungI(s)−1/n gegens 2, mitn=2 oder 3/2). Damit erhalten außerdem die Meßergebnisse eine anschaulichere Auslegung.
    Notes: Summary From all the theoretical small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) curves of compact (non-particulate) systems elaborated systematically by Porod [2], we give a theoretical analysis of only one scattering curve, the corresponding correlation function of which is an exponential distribution. To obtain a correct as well as an easier determination of the zero-intensityI 0 and the correlation lengthl c than with the procedure usual up to now (analysis of the plotI(s)−1/n vs.s 2 withn=2 or 3/2) the classical SAXS-parameters of particle scattering will be involved in the evaluation. In this way the results get also a more useful conception for a practical application.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0040-4039
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Applied Surface Science 81 (1994), S. 83-93 
    ISSN: 0169-4332
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
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