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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Geophysical Investigations Of Seismically Induced Surface Effects: Case Study Of A Landslide In The Suusamyr Valley, Kyrgyzstan (2000)
    Springer
    Surveys in geophysics 21 (2000), S. 351-370 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0956
    Keywords: landslide ; Suusamyr earthquake ; electrical tomography ; seismic profiles ; finite element modelling ; stability analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract In summer 1998, a geophysical survey including seismic profilesand electrical tomography has been carried out in the Suusamyr valley, Kyrgyzstan. The scope wasto investigate surface effects induced by the Ms = 7.3 Suusamyr earthquake, the 19th of August, 1992. Inthis paper, special attention is paid to the case study of a debris slide triggered by the earthquake.Seismic data are analysed by P-wave refraction technique and by surface wave inversion. Electrical tomographicprofiles are processed by 2D-inversion. Using geotechnical and geological information, P-velocity modelsand resistivity sections are interpreted in terms of geological materials, in order to build a geological3D model. On the basis of the latter, we carried out static finite element computations as well as staticand pseudo-static calculations with Janbu’s method. Newmark displacement was computed, considering or notthe influence of the shallow soft deposits. The results are compared to the real displacementobserved in the field and conclusions are drawn about the mechanism of the landslide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006788808145
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  • 2
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    Recent strike-slip deformation of the northern Tien Shan (2003)
    In:  Geological Society Special Publication 210: 53-64.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-01-01
    Description: The paper presents a geodynamic interpretation of the deep structure and active tectonics of the northern Tien Shan, with particular emphasis on strike-slip motions, which produced a pull-apart in the centre of the Issyk-Kul basin. The study is based on a detailed interpretation of satellite imagery, fault plane solutions of earthquakes, seismic, and geodetic data. Seismic and magnetotelluric studies show tectonic layering of the Tien Shan lithosphere, with several nearly horizontal viscoelastic layers and the lower layer underthrust northward in the northern Tien Shan. This active process may be responsible for the intricate present-day tectonic framework of the northern Tien Shan. The recent tectonics of the northern Tien Shan inherits the earlier structure: The lens-shaped Issyk-Kul microcontinent comprising Precambrian-Palaeozoic metamorphic and magmatic rocks is surrounded by thick shear zones which have been involved in the activity over most of the Cenozoic. In the Quaternary the strain propagated as far as the central part of the Issyk-Kul basin.
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    New aspects of tectonic stress inversion with reference to the TENSOR program (2003)
    In:  Geological Society Special Publication 212: 75-100.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-01-01
    Description: Analysis of tectonic stress from the inversion of fault kinematic and earthquake focal mechanism data is routinely done using a wide variety of direct inversion, iterative and grid search methods. This paper discusses important aspects and new developments of the stress inversion methodology as the critical evaluation and interpretation of the results. The problems of data selection and separation into subsets, choice of optimization function, and the use of non-fault structural elements in stress inversion (tension, shear and compression fractures) are examined. The classical Right Dihedron method is developed in order to estimate the stress ratio R, widen its applicability to compression and tension fractures, and provide a compatibility test for data selection and separation. A new Rotational Optimization procedure for interactive kinematic data separation of fault-slip and focal mechanism data and progressive stress tensor optimization is presented. The quality assessment procedure defined for the World Stress Map project is extended in order to take into account the diversity of orientations of structural data used in the inversion. The range of stress regimes is expressed by a stress regime index R', useful for regional comparisons and mapping. All these aspects have been implemented in a computer program TENSOR, which is introduced briefly. The procedures for determination of stress tensor using these new aspects are described using natural sets of fault-slip and focal mechanism data from the Baikal Rift Zone.
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    Tectonic stress in the Earth's crust: advances in the World Stress Map project (2003)
    In:  Geological Society Special Publication 212: 101-116.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-01-01
    Description: Tectonic stress is one of the fundamental data sets in Earth sciences comparable with topography, gravity, heat flow and others. The importance of stress observations for both academic research (e.g. geodynamics, plate tectonics) and applied sciences (e.g. hydrocarbon production, civil engineering) proves the necessity of a project like the World Stress Map for compiling and making available stress data on a global scale. The World Stress Map project offers not only free access to this global database via the Internet, but also continues in its effort to expand and improve the database, to develop new quality criteria, and to initiate topical research projects. In this paper we present (a) the new release of the World Stress Map, (b) expanded quality ranking schemes for borehole breakouts and geological indicators, (c) new stress indicators (drilling-induced fractures, borehole slotter data) and their quality ranking schemes, and (d) examples for the application of tectonic stress data.
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  • 5
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    Sector collapse events at volcanoes in the North Tanzanian divergence zone and their implications for regional tectonics (2015)
    Geological Society of America (GSA)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-12-30
    Description: The North Tanzanian divergence zone along the East African Rift is characterized by active faults and several large volcanoes such as Meru, Ol Doinyo Lengai, and Kilimanjaro. Based on systematic morphostructural analysis of the Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission digital elevation model and targeted field work, 14 debris avalanche deposits were identified and characterized, some of them being—to our knowledge—previously unknown. Our field survey around Mount Meru allowed previous "lahar" deposits to be reinterpreted as debris avalanche deposits and three major collapse events to be distinguished, with the two older ones being associated with eruptions. We used topographic lineaments and faults across the North Tanzanian divergence zone to derive the main tectonic trends and their spatial variations and highlight their control on volcano collapse orientation. Based on previous analogue models, the tectonic regime is inferred from the orientation of the collapse scars and/or debris avalanche deposits. We infer two types of regime: extensional and transtensional/strike-slip. The strike-slip regime dominates along the rift escarpment, but an extensional regime is inferred to have operated for the recent sector collapses. The proposed interpretation of sector collapse scars and debris avalanche deposits therefore provides constraints on the tectonic regime in the region. It is possible that, in some cases, movement on regional faults triggered sector collapse.
    Print ISSN: 0016-7606
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-2674
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society of America (GSA)
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  • 6
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    Re-evaluation of the kinematics of Victoria Block using continuous GNSS data (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-03-12
    Description: The divergent boundary between the Somalia and Nubia plates is a complex tectonic domain where extensional processes are localized along narrow rift structures, isolating small blocks imbedded within the East African Rift. One of these tectonic units is the Victoria Block, which is the subject of this study. Here we process space-geodetic data for 37 permanent GNSS stations distributed along Nubia, Somalia and Victoria to (1) compute the motion of the three tectonic units in the ITRF2008 reference frame and (2) deduce the relative motion of Victoria with respect to its neighbouring plates. The Nubia Plate motion is computed from a set of 25 stations, the Somalia Plate motion from a set of 7 stations and the Victoria motion from a set of 5 stations. Although the number and distribution of the used stations is still not optimal, the good adjustment between observed and predicted motions confirms that Victoria acts as a rigid tectonic block. The instantaneous relative Euler poles for the Nubia–Victoria and Somalia–Victoria pairs are now evaluated as 10.66ºN, 32.98Eº, 0.120º Myr –1 and 8.02ºS, 32.29ºE, 0.159º Myr –1 , respectively. The computation of the relative interplate velocities along Victoria's boundary is straightforward in most situations because the western and northeastern boundary segments correspond to well-developed rift basins, where extension is mostly normal to rift basin flanks and seismicity concentrates along narrow structures. This is particularly evident on the Western Branch between Victoria and Nubia. The southeastern limit of the Victoria Block is poorly defined, and geodetic data indicate that differential motion between Somalia and Victoria may be accommodated by a complex boundary area, which roughly encompasses the Masai Terrain. Geodetic observations of the Victoria–Somalia boundary along the Eastern Branch, particularly in the Manyara Rift, reveal highly oblique horizontal extension. In this region seismicity is sparse which suggests that strain is accommodated by magmatic processes.
    Print ISSN: 0956-540X
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-246X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft (DGG) and the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS).
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  • 7
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    Meso- and Cenozoic Tectonics of the Central Asian Mountain Belt: Effects of Lithospheric Plate Interaction and Mantle Plumes (1996)
    Taylor & Francis
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-05-01
    Print ISSN: 0020-6814
    Electronic ISSN: 1938-2839
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Taylor & Francis
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  • 8
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    Geochemical characterization of sedimentary organic matter by means of pyrolysis kinetic parameters (1990)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0146-6380
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-5290
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 9
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    Comparative Rock-Eval pyrolysis as an improved tool for sedimentary organic matter analysis (1990)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0146-6380
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-5290
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 10
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    Palygorskite-bearing fracture fills in the Kinshasa area, DR Congo – an exceptional mode of palygorskite vein development (2019)
    Geological Society of South Africa
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-01
    Description: Tectonic fractures in Palaeozoic strata of the Kinshasa area, DR Congo, locally host palygorskite-bearing veins and associated calcite occurrences. The palygorskite deposits are typically massive, with a varying degree of alignment of clay particles, a higher quartz content than the arkose substrate, and a variable amount of smectite (montmorillonite). The associated calcite occurrences are macrocrystalline coatings and infillings, and more fine-grained calcite veins with cataclastic texture. The calcite coatings and infillings formed from solution in earth surface conditions, as recorded by their stable isotope signature. The palygorskite-dominated deposits in the fractures formed at a later stage, in a setting without indications of authigenic mineral formation related to hydrothermal activity or to low-temperature interaction of solutions with the local substrate. The veins most likely formed by vertical infiltration of suspended matter in fractures that extended to a post-Palaeozoic palaeosurface, during or after deposition of palygorskite-bearing Upper Jurassic to Early Cretaceous sediments. This represents an exceptional mode of palygorskite vein development, unrelated to any form of mineral authigenesis that is typically invoked to explain vein-type occurrences of palygorskite and related minerals.
    Print ISSN: 1012-0750
    Electronic ISSN: 1996-8590
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society of South Africa
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