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  • 1
    Call number: AWI G6-93-0059
    In: Lecture notes in earth sciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Introduction. - Depositional and diagenetic history of limestones: stable and radiogenic isotopes. - The dolomite problem: stable and radiogenic isotope clues. - Isotope signatures in phosphate deposits: formation and diagenetic history. - Origin and diagenesis of cherts: an isotopic perspective. - Stable isotope geochemistry of sulfate and chloride rocks. - History of marine evaporites: constraints from radiogenic isotopes. - The stable isotope composition of sedimentary iron oxides with special reference to banded iron formations. - Isotopic compositions of clay minerals as indicators of the timing and conditions of sedimentation and burial diagenesis. - Sm-Nd isotopes in fine-grained clastic sedimentary materials: clues to sedimentary processes and recycling growth of the continental crust. - Depositional history of uranium ores: Isotopic constraints. - Indirect dating of sediment-hosted ore deposits: promises and problems. - Neodymium, strontium, oxygen and hydrogen isotope compositions of waters in present and past oceans: a review. - Stable isotope geochemistry and origin of waters in sedimentary basins. - Isotopic compositions of dissolved strontium and neodymium in continental surface and shallow subsurface waters. - Signatures of radiogenic isotopes in deep subsurface waters in continents
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: VII, 529 S. : graph. Darst., Kt.
    ISBN: 3540558284
    Series Statement: Lecture notes in earth sciences 43
    Branch Library: AWI Library
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  • 2
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Call number: M 21.95915
    Description / Table of Contents: Clays and soils are of great importance in various scientific fields, such as agriculture and environmental science, and in mineral deposits. Students and close collaborators of Georges Millot, the eminent French clay sedimentologist, have put together a book with topics ranging from weathering processes and diagenetic evalution of sediments to sedimentary mineral deposits. The book is of interest to practitioners, advanced students as well as teachers in the above fields
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 369 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Edition: Online edition Springer eBook Collection. Earth and Environmental Science
    ISBN: 978-3-642-64443-6
    Language: English
    Location: Upper compact magazine
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 3
    Unknown
    Berlin ; Heidelberg : Springer
    Description / Table of Contents: PREFACE The emergence of new information from drilling in deep-sea and coastal areas and the surfacing of the plate tectonics theory probably had the greatest impacts in recent decades on the highly accelerated growth of knowledge regarding the evolution of sediments and sedimentary rocks. Studies in recent years have also provided new insights on global sedimentary processes, and isotopic tools in many ways have enhanced our knowledge and have provided even an unexpected added dimension to the mechanisms of some specific processes. Many different uses of isotopic tools in studies of sedimentary processes can be found in the literature, but the information is highly scattered in the vast field of sedimentology. The disseminated state of existing isotopic knowledge on sedimentary systems has undoubtedly deprived many practitioners in the field to fully appreciate the benefits and limitations, and even the apparent confusion, concerning the use of isotopic tools. We have endeavored here to bring together discussions on some major sedimentary systems in the sedimentary cycle and to analyze them according to isotopic evidence. To accomplish such a task required contributions from many individuals. We were fortunate to have friends who accepted to share our goals. We most sincerely thank all the contributors to this book and deeply appreciate their patience and fortitude despite our undue demands on them to reach our objectives...
    Pages: Online-Ressource (529 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783540558286
    Language: English
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Sedimentology 47 (2000), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3091
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: The distribution of clay minerals varies systematically in sediments from Holocene core material taken along a profile from the East Frisian coast to the Doggerbank. The proportion of illite increases with distance from the coast at the expense of kaolinite, whereas slight variations are seen in smectite and chlorite abundances. The chemical composition changes, and the K/Rb ratio and K-Ar isotopic age of illite increase seawards. This trend results from progressive mixing processes of riverine detritus with Pleistocene fluvioglacial material reworked during the Holocene transgression. However, the clay fluvial flux only became dominant during the decreasing rate of sea-level rise in the Late Holocene, especially near the shore. For example, modern sediments in tidal flats contain 75% of river-borne Holocene-supplied clay detritus, whereas this amount is only 10% in modern marine sediments at the Doggerbank.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Sedimentology 27 (1980), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3091
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Rare earth element (REE) distributions and 87Sr/86Sr ratios were determined for nodule crusts and associated surface sediments collected in the southeastern Pacific Ocean between South America and the Tuamotu archipelago. The shale-normalized patterns of the REE from the surface sediments show pronounced negative anomalies in Ce which indicate a marine origin. One 87Sr/86Sr ratio also has a value characteristic for seawater strontium. REE patterns from the nodule crusts, when normalized to shales, seawater or associated surface sediment, show that a marine origin can also be proposed for the oxy-hydroxides. Only the Ce shows a systematic scatter, which could be the result of fluctuations in the oxidation-reduction conditions during nodule growth. The marine origin for REE is corroborated by the 87Sr/86Sr ratios which average 0 · 70905 ± 0 · 00019 (2σ), a value close to the seawater 87Sr/86Sr ratio of 0·70910 ± 0 · 00035. If the major metals of the polymetallic nodules have the same origin as these trace elements, then a direct precipitation from seawater can be postulated for the crusts studied here.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Sedimentology 23 (1976), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3091
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: The 87Sr/86Sr ratios of evaporitic carbonates and sulphates from Miocene sediment cored in the Mediterranean Sea show a depletion of 87Sr when compared to the isotopic composition of the Miocene contemporaneous marine strontium: 0.70803 versus 0.70936. The arrival into the evaporitic environment of strontium brought by continental waters can explain this difference.The variation of the 87Sr/86Sr ratios is, nevertheless, noticeable only when the influence of the continental waters is already well marked. This is proved when one compares the results obtained with strontium, to the results of isotopic analysis made on oxygen, carbon, sulphur and hydrogen taken from the same samples.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract The Late Precambrian or “Eocambrian” and the lowermost part of Palaeozoic rocks of West Africa and of the Western half of Central Africa include two lithostratigraphic sequences of sediments which we can identify as well on the craton as in the orogenic belts. The lower sequence, argillaceous, green colour, sometimes flyschoid, begins with a tillite or a mixtite. The upper sequence made of reddish, mainly continental sandstones, represents in some areas the molasse of the Pan-African Fold Belt. These two sequences, and notably at the base of the first one the tillite horizon, seem to be older in the South (Katangan and West-Congolian Chains) than in the North (Adrar of Mauritania). This diachronism is thought to be related to polar wandering, the South pole having shifted in that interval of time from South-Africa to West of the Senegal coast.
    Abstract: Résumé Le Précambrian terminal ou “Eocambrien” et la base du Paléozoïque de l'Afrique de l'Ouest et de la partie occidentale de l'Afrique centrale comprennent deux ensembles lithostratigraphiques identifiables aussi bien dans les couvertures cratoniques que dans les chaînes. L'ensemble inférieur, argileux, vert, parfois flyschoïde, débute par une tillite ou une mixtite. L'ensemble supérieur, gréseux, rouge, à dominante continentale, est interprété dans certaines zones comme la molasse de la chaîne pan-africaine. ces deux ensembles, et en particulier la tillite á la base du premier, semblent plus anciens au Sud (chaînes katangienne et ouest-congolience) qu'au Nord (Adrar de Mauritanie). Cet âge plus jeune vers le Nord va de Pair avec le mouvement du pôle sud, qui, â époque, se déplace de l'Afrique du Sud au large des côtes du Sénegal.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Das obere Präkambrium oder “Eokambrium” und die Basis des Paläozoikums von Westafrika und im westlichen Teil von Zentralafrika sind aus zwei lithostratigraphischen Abfolgen gebildet, die gleichfalls auf den Kratonen und in den Gebirgsketten zu erkennen sind. Die untere feinklastische Abfolge, grün, manchmal flyschartig, beginnt mit einem Tillit oder einem Mixtit. Die obere rote, sandige Abfolge, kontinentalen Ursprungs, wird örtlich als eine von der pan-afrikanischen Orogenese gebildete Molasse angesehen. Diese beiden Abfolgen, besonders die Tillite, scheinen diachron und im Süden älter (Katangische und West-Kongolische Gebirgsketten) als im Norden (Adrar von Mauritanien) zu sein. Diese Verjüngung nach Norden kann mit einer Polwanderung in Verbindung gebracht werden; der Südpol zieht während dieser Zeit von Südafrika in das Gebiet westlich der senegalesischen Küste.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract A petrographic and microstructural study of the crystalline and metamorphic basement rocks of the Haute Moulouya region in the central part of Morocco revealed a chronology of tectono-metamorphic and intrusive events. These events have been dated by the Rb-Sr method. The crystalline basement is affected by two tectono-metamorphic episodes; the first occurred during the Upper Devonian at 366±7 m. y. (with λ87Rb=1.42 × 10−11 y−1). These events are followed by intrusions which are Visean and Namurian in age, granodiorites crystallized at 347±17 m. y. and are followed by alkaline granites at 329±6 m. y. and by calco-alkaline granites at 319±6 m. y. A pneumatolysis then accompanied shearing of the rocks. The degradation of preexisting minerals and the formation of new minerals, especially muscovites, in some granites occurred around 315 m. y. This event is also related to intrusions of pegmatites at 310 m. y. and granites with graphic structures and aplites at 302±3 m. y. The comparison of the isotopic and microstructural results also allowed estimation of the influence of the different tectono-metamorphic episodes on the strontium isotopic homogeneity of whole rocks, minerals and fine fractions 〈2 μ.
    Abstract: Résumé L'étude pétrographique et microtectonique a permis d'établir la chronologie relative des épisodes tectono-métamorphiques et intrusifs qui affectent le socle cristallin et cristallophyllien de la Haute Moulouya dans le Moyen Maroc. Ces différents épisodes ont pu être datés par la méthode rubidium-strontium. Ainsi, deux phases tectono-métamorphiques ont pu être distinguées dans le socle cristallophyllien et attribuées au Dévonien supérieur, la première se terminant vers 366±7 M. a. (avec λ87Rb=1,42 × 10−11 an−1). Les épisodes intrusifs se situent dans le Viséen et le Namurien; ils débutent par la mise en place de granodiorites vers 347±17 M. a. et se poursuivent par celle de granites alcalins vers 329±6 M. a. et de granites calco-alcalins vers 319±6 M. a. L'ensemble de ces formations est ensuite affecté par des cisaillements contemporains de cristallisations pneumatolytiques; les néocristallisations liées à cette dernière phase de déformation ont pu être datées de 315 M. a. dans certains granites. Des venues filoniennes de pegmatite vers 310 M. a., de granite à structure graphique et d'aplite à 302±3 M. a. sont liées a ce phénomène tardif. La confrontation des analyses isotopiques et microtectoniques permet d'apprécier l'importance de certains épisodes tectono-métamorphiques sur l'homogénéisation isotopique du strontium contenu dans les roches totales, les minéraux ou les fractions fines 〈 2 μ.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Eine petrographische Gefügeanalyse der kristallinen und metamorphen Basisgesteine der Haute Moulouya Region in Zentralmarokko ergab eine Chronologie der tektono-metamorphen und intrusiven Vorgänge. Diese Ereignisse wurden mit Hilfe der Rb-Sr-Methode datiert. Die kristalline Basis ist von zwei tektono-metamorphen Phasen beeinflußt. Die erste dieser Phasen entstand während des Oberdevons vor 366±7 mJ (mit λ87Rb = 1.42 × 10−11 mJ). Beiden Phasen folgten Intrusionen mit Altern von Visé und Namur. Dabei entstanden Granodiorite in einem Alter von 347±17 mJ. Diesen folgten Alkaligranite mit 329 ±6 mJ und schließlich Kalkalkaligranite mit 319±6 mJ; darauf setzte ein Scherbeanspruchung ein, die von einer Pneumatolyse begleitet wurde. Der Zerfall der älteren Mineralphasen sowie die Bildung von neuen Mineralen (besonders Muscovit) in manchen Graniten entstand vor etwa 315 Millionen Jahren. Dieser Vorgang ist auch mit der Intrusion von Pegmatiten vor etwa 310 mJ in Beziehung zu setzen. Spätere Intrusionen von Graniten mit schriftgranatischem Gefüge und Apliten erfolgte etwa vor 302±3 mJ. Der Vergleich von Isotopenverteilung und mikrostrukturellem Gefüge lieferte eine Basis für die Einschätzung der Beeinflussung durch die verschiedenen tektono-metamorphen Phasen auf die Homogenität der Strontiumisotope im gesamten Gestein, in den Mineralien und in den feinen Fraktionen 〈2 μ.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The Erquy series (Côtes du Nord, France) consists, in its upper part, of spilitic pillow lavas with some interbedded volcano-sedimentary horizons. The Rb-Sr system of the pillows allowed the construction of a whole-rock isochron at 482±10 M.a. with an initial87Sr/86Sr ratio of 0.7055±0.0002. These rocks and the associated keratophyres give, on the other hand, K-Ar ages of 285±16 M.a. interpreted as the consequence of late-hercynian tectonism. A volcano-sedimentary horizon interbedded with such pillow flows has been studied from petrographic, mineralogical, geochemical and isotopic (Rb-Sr and K-Ar) points of view. The sequence keeps a sedimentary “memory”. Its clay fractions 〈2 μm and corresponding whole-rocks fit an isochron which is identical to that of the volcanic rocks: 494±11 M.a. with an initial87Sr/86Sr ratio of 0.7052±0.0005. The clay fractions give K-Ar data at about 450 M.a., but those which contain important amounts of volcanic glass, at the top of the horizon, have K-Ar values as low as 400 M.a., and those which contain almost no glass have a K-Ar age close to the Rb-Sr age at 480 M.a. This study emphasizes the possibility of a complete reset of the K-Ar system of spilitic rocks by a tectonic event without notice-able temperature increase. This result may have important implications on combined paleomagnetic and K-Ar studies: it seems that a least for spilites and keratophyres, the Curie point and Ar blocking temperature can be very different.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The Athabasca basin (Saskatchewan, Canada) contains ten major high-grade uranium deposits (-300,000 tons U, mean grade -2% U). These deposits are spatially related to the major middle Proterozoic unconformity between the Aphebian-Archaean basement and the Helikian cover9'11. The newly formed ...
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