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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Uniform-density, spherical electron focus (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 6 (1999), S. 4472-4478 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An equilibrium electron distribution is exhibited which forms a uniform electron density focus within a spherical system. Such a focus may be used to form a spherical, harmonic well for ion focusing as previously discussed. A self-consistent density and space-charge potential are calculated and the optimum focus radius is determined. Nonideal effects on electron and ion motion in the resulting electrostatic well are briefly discussed and strategies for their minimization are derived. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.873734
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron equilibrium and confinement in a modified Penning trap and its application to Penning fusion : The 41st annual meeting of the division of plasma physics of the american physical society (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 7 (2000), S. 1693-1701 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The Penning fusion concept is described. Recent theoretical work on eliminating limitations on thermonuclear gain (Q) associated with ion–ion collisions is reviewed. A critical issue identified is the demonstration of the desired spherical electron configuration. Constraints on the electron distribution function are derived. A small combined trap (majority electrons), PFX-I (Penning Fusion eXperiment-Ions) has been constructed to study these issues. PFX-I is described. Two diagnostics described for electrons are destructive dumping of trapped electrons and noninvasive optical detection of impact induced fluorescence. Initial results of PFX-I operation at applied voltages V0 up to 2 kV and magnetic fields B up to 1.14 T are described. Electron equilibrium is found to be consistent with trap filling to the space charge limit, with inventory proportional to V0 and independent of B. Electron confinement times range from 1 to 10 ms and are determined by neutral pressure. These results are interpreted and future directions sketched. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.873987
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stability of thermal ions confined by rigid-rotor electron clouds in Penning fusion systems (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 7 (2000), S. 4774-4777 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In the Penning fusion device, a spherical cloud of electrons, confined in a Penning-type trap, creates the ion-confining electrostatic well. Calculations performed with a bounce-averaged Fokker–Planck model have suggested that highest fusion energy gains in Penning fusion systems occur when the ion population is predominantly Maxwellian. However, the question arises about the stability of the electron cloud in the presence of thermal ions. Here, a stability analysis of rigid-rotor electrons confining thermal ions is performed. The results indicate that such configuration is absolutely stable to electrostatic perturbations for arbitrary rigid-rotor electron distributions. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1312822
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stable, thermal equilibrium, large-amplitude, spherical plasma oscillations in electrostatic confinement devices (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 5 (1998), S. 2498-2503 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The problem of large-amplitude spherical oscillations of an ion cloud in an Inertial Electrostatic Confinement (IEC) device is examined. It is shown that ion fluctuations of a Gaussian profile in a spherical, harmonic well are stable to all hydrodynamic modes, and stable oscillations about the oscillating equilibrium state may be damped by continuum damping. It is also shown that the ion state forms a thermal equilibrium, in spite of the orders of magnitude, density, and temperature changes during the oscillation cycle. Finally, a brief discussion of how to experimentally realize the required electron distributions for these oscillations is presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.872933
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Beyond the Brillouin limit with the Penning Fusion Experiment : The 38th annual meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics (DPP) of the American Physical Society (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 4 (1997), S. 1745-1751 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Several years ago, it was proposed that a dense non-neutral plasma could be produced in a Penning trap. Nonneutral plasmas have excellent confinement, and such a dense plasma might produce simultaneously high density and good confinement. Recently, this theoretical conjecture has been demonstrated in a small (3 mm radius) electron experiment, PFX (Penning Fusion Experiment). Densities up to 35 times the Brillouin density (limiting number density in a static trap) have been inferred from the observed strong (100:1) spherical focusing. Electrons are injected at low energy from a single pole of the sphere. A surprising observation is the self-organization of the system into a spherical state, which occurs precisely when the trap parameters are adjusted to produce a spherical well. This organization is caused by a bootstrapping mechanism which produces a hysteresis. Observations of energy-scattered electrons confirm the existence of a dense spherical focus. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.872276
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Profile consistency of an elongated field-reversed configuration. II. Two-dimensional solutions (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 8 (2001), S. 4864-4869 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An asymptotic theory of field-reversed configuration equilibrium, where the small expansion parameter is the square of the inverse elongation of the separatrix, was previously developed [D. C. Barnes, Phys. Plasmas 8, 4856 (2001)]. This theory is used to compute consistent pressure profiles which are then used to obtain two-dimensional solutions of the Grad–Shafranov equation. Solutions are obtained for a range of normalized separatrix radii, elongations, and shapes. These solutions confirm the predictions of the asymptotic theory. Elongations up to 25:1 are obtained, and the shape is shown to assume any previously specified value. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1408290
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Profile consistency of an elongated field-reversed configuration. I. Asymptotic theory (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 8 (2001), S. 4856-4863 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An asymptotic theory of field-reversed configuration (FRC) equilibrium is developed, where the small expansion parameter is the square of the inverse elongation of the separatrix. It is shown that equilibrium alone completely determines the closed-field pressure profile of an elongated FRC in terms of the open-field profile. Examples show that the closed profile is insensitive to details of the open profile. A surprising result is that the open outflow plasma (axially beyond closed region) is always totally diamagnetic on the axis (β=1, where β is measured in the θ-pinch sense). The separatrix shape (axial variation) depends uniquely on the first-order pressure profile, and any separatrix shape may be realized within the limitations of the asymptotic theory. This sensitive dependence of shape on pressure profile explains extreme stiffness of the FRC equilibrium problem which was reported earlier. These results are compared favorably with experimental observations. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1408289
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stabilization of the field-reversed configuration (FRC) tilt instability with energetic ion beams (1991)
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 3 (1991), S. 2609-2616 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The stabilization of the internal tilt mode of a field-reversed configuration by injecting a minority energetic ion component has been investigated numerically. Calculations that follow ion orbits in a specified three-dimensional magnetic field configuration, corresponding to a partially tilted field-reversed configuration, demonstrate how a beam can provide a restoring force to the n=1 tilt instability. A fully self-consistent three-dimensional numerical model, which treats the background plasma as a Hall fluid and the energetic ions as a collisionless Vlasov species, has also been developed. Calculations have been made for a variety of beam injection parameters, and indicate that the tilt mode can be stabilized with a beam energy of about 40% of the total, beam plus plasma, energy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.859973
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nonlinear magnetohydrodynamic studies of the tilt mode in field-reversed configurations (1989)
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 1 (1989), S. 1225-1232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic code has been used to study the nonlinear evolution of the tilt instability in a field-reversed configuration. The evolution of the mode has been followed through magnetic field reconnection to complete the loss of confinement, with no evidence of any nonlinear stabilizing effects. The influence of plasma rotation has also been investigated. It was found that while the mode remains unstable, its character changed at high rotation rates. It evolves from an internal mode with a very small displacement velocity at the separatrix, to an external mode with almost no radial component to the displacement velocity. Hall term effects were found to be capable of reducing the growth rate for small and elongated configurations, but again, a change in mode character was found to prevent the stabilization predicted in a previous analysis. Kinetic effects remain the most promising mechanism to explain the observed stability of current experiments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.858998
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Symmetry properties of a multidimensional dispersion functional (1987)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 30 (1987), S. 2414-2428 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Symmetry properties are presented for a multidimensional dispersion functional. If the system of linearized Vlasov-field equations is "completely Hamiltonian,'' the dispersion operator satisfies a certain formal self-adjointness property as a function of omega. For appropriate boundary conditions this implies a relation between an eigenfunction and its dual. If the equilibrium admits "conjugate orbits'' for a completely Hamiltonian system and if the "conjugate-orbit parity condition'' is satisfied, then the kinetic part of the dispersion matrix is symmetric. For this case and for appropriate boundary conditions the entire dispersion matrix for the multispecies Vlasov or Vlasov-fluid models is symmetric. It then follows that the complex conjugate of the dual eigenfunction is proportional to the eigenfunction itself. The analytic continuation of the dispersion functional of the linearized Vlasov-field equations into the lower half of the frequency plane is derived.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.866132
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