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  • METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY  (60)
  • 1980-1984  (60)
  • 1982  (60)
  • 1
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    Doppler radar echoes of lightning and precipitation at vertical incidence (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Digital time series data at 16 heights within two storms were collected at vertical incidence with a 10-cm Doppler radar. On several occasions during data collection, lightning echoes were observed as increased reflectivity on an oscilloscope display. Simultaneously, lightning signals from nearby electric field change antennas were recorded on an analog recorder together with the radar echoes. Reflectivity, mean velocity, and Doppler spectra were examined by means of time series analysis for times during and after lightning discharges. Spectra from locations where lightning occurred show peaks, due to the motion of the lightning channel at the air speed. These peaks are considerably narrower than the ones due to precipitation. Besides indicating the vertical air velocity that can then be used to estimate hydrometeor-size distribution, the lightning spectra provide a convenient means to estimate the radar cross section of the channel. Subsequent to one discharge, we deduce that a rapid change in the orientation of hydrometeors occurred within the resolution volume.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 87; Aug. 20
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Wind structure and small-scale wind variability in the stratosphere and mesosphere during the November 1980 Energy Budget Campaign (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Rocket observations made from two sites in northern Scandinavia between November 6 and December 1, 1980, as part of the Energy Budget Campaign are discussed. It was found that significant vertical and temporal changes in the wind structure were present and that they coincided with different geomagnetic conditions, that is, quiet and enhanced. Before November 16, the meridional wind component above 60 km was found to be positive (southerly), whereas the magnitude of the zonal wind component increased with altitude. After November 16 the meridional component became negative (northerly), and the magnitude of the zonal wind component was observed to decrease with altitude. Time sections of the perturbations of the zonal wind reveal the presence of vertically propagating waves, suggesting gravity wave activity. The waves are found to increase in wavelength from 3-4 km near 40 km to more than 12 km near 80 km. The observational techniques made use of chaff foil, chemical trails, inflatable spheres, and parachutes.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: (ISSN 0273-1177)
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    The useful potential of using existing data to uniquely identify predictable wind events and regimes, part 1 (1982)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Correlations between standard meteorological data and wind power generation potential were developed. Combined with appropriate wind forecasts, these correlations can be useful to load dispatchers to supplement conventional energy sources. Hourly wind data were analyzed for four sites, each exhibiting a unique physiography. These sites are Amarillo, Texas; Ludington, Michigan; Montauk Point, New York; and San Gorgonio, California. Synoptic weather maps and tables are presented to illustrate various wind 'regimes' at these sites.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Lewis Research Center Large Horizontal-Axis Wind Turbines; p 357-374
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    The free radical chemistry of cloud droplets and its impact upon the composition of rain (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Calculations are presented that simulate the free radical chemistries of the gas phase and aqueous phase within a warm cloud during midday. It is demonstrated that in the presence of midday solar fluxes, the heterogeneous scavenging of OH and HO2 from the gas phase by cloud droplets can represent a major source of free radicals to cloud water, provided the accommodation or sticking coefficient for these species impinging upon water droplets is not less than 0.0001. The aqueous-phase of HO2 radicals are found to be converted to H2O2 by aqueous-phase chemical reactions at a rate that suggests that this mechanism could produce a significant fraction of the H2O2 found in cloud droplets. The rapid oxidation of sulfur species dissolved in cloudwater by this free-radical-produced H2O2 as well as by aqueous-phase OH radicals could conceivably have a significant impact upon the chemical composition of rain.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 87; June 20
    Format: text
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  • 5
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    Effects of diabatic heating on the ageostrophic circulation of an upper tropospheric jet streak (1982)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Interaction between the mass circulation within a mesoscale convective complex (MCC) and a direct mass circulation in the entrance region of an upper tropospheric polar jet streak was examined within the isentropic structure to investigate mechanisms responsible for linking these two scales of motion. The results establish that latent heating in the MCC modifies the direct mass circulation in the jet streak entrance region through the diabatically induced components of ageostrophic motion analyzed within isentropic coordinates. Within the strong mesoscale mass circulation of each MCC, strong horizontal mass flux convergence into the MCC at low levels is balanced by strong horizontal mass flux divergence away from the convergence at upper levels. Locations of large diabatic heating rates correspond well to the MCC position for each case; diabatic heating forces the upward vertical branch for the mesoscale mass circulation.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA-CR-3497 , M-369
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
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    Impact of satellite data on large-scale circulation statistics as determined from GLAS analyses during FGGE-SOP-1 (1982)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A study using the analyses produced from the assimilation cycle of parallel model runs that both include and withhold satellite data was undertaken. The analyzed state of the atmosphere is performed using data from a certain test period during the first Special Observing Period (SOP) of the Global Weather Experiment (FGGE).
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA-CR-170578 , NAS 1.26:170578
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
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    The use of VAS satellite data in weather analysis, prediction and diagnosis (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-27
    Description: Imagery available with the Goes satellite visible-IR spin-scan radiometer (VISSR) atmospheric sounders (VAS) are examined in terms of mid- and low-tropospheric moisture sensing and mesoscale soundings. The VAS can be operated in a Dwell Sounding mode (DS) involving preprogrammed scanning of a specific area using any number of combinations of 12 channels between 4-15 microns. A second, multi-spectral imaging mode (MSI) comprises operation of two IR channels simultaneously when time constraints are in effect. Case studies are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of VAS imagery for characterizing mesoscale moisture conditions when identifying severe storms. The moisture patterns of the upper and lower troposphere are made visible, and a 6.7 micron channel image can be overlaid on a low level moisture field to delineate fields of potential instability.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 8
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    Development of the operational program for satellite meteorology (1982)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-12
    Description: The geostationary and polar satellites comprising the current operational system are discussed. The data acquisition capabilities of both satellite types and their complementary functions are reviewed. The advanced very high resolution radiometer on the TIROS N satellites is particularly addressed along with the imaging and atmospheric sounding instrumentation aboard the GOES satellites. The dissemination of the satellite data to the prospective users is also discussed.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: The Conception, Growth, Accomplishments and Future of Meteorol. Satellites; p 34-40
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 9
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    Distribution of Mount St. Helens dust inferred from satellites and meteorological data (1982)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-12
    Description: Visible and infrared pictures from two Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite Systems satellites, in circular orbits at about 19,000 nautical miles, are available continuously at approximately 30 minute intervals. Still pictures and film loops from this system vividly depict the events associated with the May 18, 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens. The initial explosion, shock wave, and visible horizontal dust distribution during the following week are readily apparent. Meteorological wind and height fields permit the inference of the vertical distribution of volcanic dust as well as explain the atmospheric behavior which caused the visible and nonvisible dust distribution.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center Atmospheric Effects and Potential Climatic Impact of the 1980 Eruptions of Mt. St. Helens; p 131-140
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 10
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    Remarks on future developments (1982)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-12
    Description: Future developments in satellite meteorology are proposed and examined in the light of policy and funding changes.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: The Conception, Growth, Accomplishments and Future of Meteorol. Satellites; p 97-101
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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